Centre d'Estudis Demogràfics and Department of Geography, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.
J Biosoc Sci. 2010 May;42(3):377-93. doi: 10.1017/S0021932009990629. Epub 2010 Jan 28.
Excess weight is becoming widespread in Spain due to changes in nutritional habits and lifestyles. Previous studies on this issue have focused on specific Spanish regions, subpopulations or relatively short time spans. This study analysed sex, age and cohort trends in the prevalence of adult overweight and obesity over the last two decades by applying a demographic methodology. Data came from the Spanish National Health Surveys that were held between 1987 and 2006. The respondent's demographic characteristics and self-reported height and weight were aggregated to a single dataset in order to analyse changes in weight and BMI by age and sex, over time and within and between quasi birth-cohorts. After correcting for sample bias and coding errors a total sample of about 100,000 subjects aged 20-79 was obtained. The results show that between 1987 and 2006 adult males and females increased their average weight by 8.2% and 2.8%, respectively. While among younger adults this is partly explained by height increases, prevalence in excess weight increased among 50- to 79-year-old males. Persons of the same 10-year age group but of a more recent 10-year quasi birth-cohort had a BMI that was 0.2-0.8 points higher. BMI increases were lower for women and mainly affected 60-79 year olds. In fact, even decreases were observed for 40- to 49 and 50- to 59-year-old women. Potential explanatory factors are discussed.
超重现象在西班牙越来越普遍，这主要是由于营养习惯和生活方式的改变所致。之前关于这一问题的研究主要集中在西班牙的特定地区、亚人群或相对较短的时间段内。本研究应用人口统计学方法分析了过去二十年中西班牙成年人超重和肥胖的性别、年龄和队列趋势。数据来自于 1987 年至 2006 年期间进行的西班牙国家健康调查。为了分析不同年龄和性别人群的体重和 BMI 变化情况，将受访者的人口统计学特征以及自我报告的身高和体重汇总到一个单一的数据集中，这些数据随时间变化以及在准出生队列内和队列间进行分析。在纠正了样本偏差和编码错误后，得到了大约 100,000 名年龄在 20-79 岁的受试者的总样本。结果表明，1987 年至 2006 年间，男性和女性成年人的平均体重分别增加了 8.2%和 2.8%。虽然在年轻成年人中，这部分是由于身高增加所致，但 50-79 岁男性的超重患病率却有所增加。同一 10 岁年龄组但属于更近的 10 年准出生队列的人，其 BMI 要高出 0.2-0.8 点。BMI 的增加对于女性来说较低，主要影响 60-79 岁的女性。事实上，甚至观察到 40-49 岁和 50-59 岁的女性 BMI 有所下降。还讨论了潜在的解释因素。
