Crop Bioprotection Research Unit, US Department of Agriculture, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 N University Street, Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA.
J Agric Food Chem. 2010 Feb 24;58(4):2403-9. doi: 10.1021/jf903423g.
Anthocyanin biosynthesis in maize protects tissues from biotic and abiotic stresses. Constitutive expression of the maize B1 and C1 genes, which induces anthocyanin biosynthesis, resulted in transgenic plants with varied phenotypes. Some colored leaves were substantially resistant to thrips damage, while only leaves with the highest levels of cyanidin, the predominant anthocyanidin detected in all colored transgenic tissues, were resistant to corn earworm (CEW) larvae. Colored anthers were resistant to CEW feeding, and reductions in CEW growth were significantly correlated to levels of cyanidin in the anthers. Cyanidin chloride and cyanidin-3-glucoside chloride added to insect diet slowed the growth of CEW larvae. Attempts to produce 3'5'-hydroxylated anthocyanins in colored maize with the expression of a petunia F3'5'H hydroxylase gene were unsuccessful.
玉米中的花色素苷生物合成可保护组织免受生物和非生物胁迫的影响。组成型表达诱导花色素苷生物合成的玉米 B1 和 C1 基因，导致具有不同表型的转基因植物。一些有色叶片对蓟马的损害具有很强的抗性，而只有在所有有色转基因组织中检测到的主要花色素苷矢车菊素含量最高的叶片才对玉米穗虫（CEW）幼虫具有抗性。有色花药对 CEW 取食具有抗性，并且花药中矢车菊素的含量与 CEW 生长的减少呈显著相关。添加到昆虫饮食中的氯化矢车菊素和氯化矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷可减缓 CEW 幼虫的生长。试图通过表达矮牵牛 F3'5'H 羟化酶基因在有色玉米中产生 3'5'-羟基化的花色素苷，但未成功。
