Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
Surg Clin North Am. 2010 Feb;90(1):17-32, Table of Contents. doi: 10.1016/j.suc.2009.10.005.
Hemorrhoidal disease is a common problem that is managed by various physicians, ranging from primary care providers to surgeons. This article reviews the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and updated treatment of hemorrhoids, including nonoperative options, office-based procedures, and surgical interventions from standard excision to stapled hemorrhoidopexy and Doppler-guided ligation. The article also covers complications and provides guidance for special circumstances, such as pregnancy, hemorrhoidal crisis, and inflammatory bowel disease.
痔病是一种常见问题，可由各类医师（从初级保健医生到外科医生）进行诊治。本文回顾了痔病的病理生理学、临床表现以及更新的治疗方法，包括非手术治疗选择、基于诊室的操作以及从标准切除术到吻合器痔上黏膜环切术和多普勒引导下痔结扎术的手术干预。本文还涵盖了并发症，并为特殊情况（如妊娠、痔危机和炎症性肠病）提供了指导。
