INRA/IJPB, Genetics and Plant Breeding Laboratory, Versailles, France.
Int J Mol Sci. 2009 Aug 13;10(8):3547-82. doi: 10.3390/ijms10083547.
Plants are particularly subject to environmental stress, as they cannot move from unfavourable surroundings. As a consequence they have to react in situ. In any case, plants have to sense the stress, then the signal has to be transduced to engage the appropriate response. Stress response is effected by regulating genes, by turning on molecular mechanisms to protect the whole organism and its components and/or to repair damage. Reactions vary depending on the type of stress and its intensity, but some are commonly turned on because some responses to different abiotic stresses are shared. In addition, there are multiple ways for plants to respond to environmental stress, depending on the species and life strategy, but also multiple ways within a species depending on plant variety or ecotype. It is regularly accepted that populations of a single species originating from diverse geographic origins and/or that have been subjected to different selective pressure, have evolved retaining the best alleles for completing their life cycle. Therefore, the study of natural variation in response to abiotic stress, can help unravel key genes and alleles for plants to cope with their unfavourable physical and chemical surroundings. This review is focusing on Arabidopsis thaliana which has been largely adopted by the global scientific community as a model organism. Also, tools and data that facilitate investigation of natural variation and abiotic stress encountered in the wild are set out. Characterization of accessions, QTLs detection and cloning of alleles responsible for variation are presented.
植物特别容易受到环境胁迫的影响，因为它们无法从不利的环境中移动。因此，它们必须在原地做出反应。无论如何，植物必须感知到压力，然后信号必须被转导以启动适当的反应。应激反应是通过调节基因、开启分子机制来保护整个生物体及其组成部分和/或修复损伤来实现的。反应因胁迫类型和强度而异，但有些反应是常见的，因为不同非生物胁迫的一些反应是共享的。此外，植物有多种应对环境胁迫的方式，这取决于物种和生活策略，但在同一物种内也有多种方式，取决于植物品种或生态型。人们普遍认为，起源于不同地理起源的同一物种的种群，或者已经受到不同选择压力的种群，已经进化保留了完成生命周期的最佳等位基因。因此，研究对非生物胁迫的自然变异，可以帮助揭示关键基因和等位基因，使植物能够适应不利的物理和化学环境。本综述重点介绍拟南芥，它已被全球科学界广泛采用作为模式生物。还介绍了促进研究野生环境中自然变异和非生物胁迫的工具和数据。对品系的特征描述、QTL 的检测以及负责变异的等位基因的克隆都有所呈现。
