Centre for Research in Environmental, Coastal and Hydrological Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, School of Civil Engineering, Surveying and Construction, Howard College Campus, Durban, South Africa.
Waste Manag. 2010 Aug-Sep;30(8-9):1457-63. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2009.12.020. Epub 2010 Feb 8.
The degradation of organic compounds found in municipal solid waste (MSW) under the anaerobic landfill conditions produces gas and liquid emissions that can protract well into the landfill after-care period. The European Landfill Directives regulate the amount and nature of the organic compounds disposed into landfills. In South Africa and other developing countries, MSW is still landfilled without any kind of pre-treatment. This paper presents a pilot project of mechanical biological waste treatment (MBWT) in South Africa implemented at municipal level in the city of Durban using passively aerated open windrows. Based on case studies from Austria, England and South Africa, a waste minimisation model which can facilitate full-scale implementation of MBWT in developing countries is presented. MSW was treated in open windrows for 8 weeks. Composting temperature reached a maximum of 65 degrees C in less than 10 days. The results of eluate tests on waste samples from the windrows at the end of composting show a reduction of BOD(5) and BOD(5)/COD ratios equal to 35.7% and 16.7%, respectively. The percent waste composition of the treated MSW was 28.3% putrescibles, 17.4% garden refuse, 13.3% plastic, 12.4% fabrics, 12% paper and other elements. The waste composition shows that more than 40% of un-treated organic material and also more than 40% non-biodegradable and recyclable materials are still landfilled without any form of biological treatment or resource recovery. A simple wet and dry waste collection model can promote recycling, treatment of biological waste before landfilling, resource recovery, labour intensive jobs and hence sustainable landfilling in the South African scenario as well as in similar developing countries.
城市固体废物（MSW）在厌氧填埋条件下的有机化合物降解会产生气体和液体排放物，这些排放物在填埋场后期仍会持续很长时间。欧洲垃圾填埋指令规范了进入垃圾填埋场的有机化合物的数量和性质。在南非和其他发展中国家，MSW 仍然未经任何预处理就被填埋。本文介绍了南非德班市在市政一级实施的机械生物废物处理（MBWT）试点项目，该项目采用被动曝气开放式条垛。基于来自奥地利、英国和南非的案例研究，提出了一种可促进发展中国家全面实施 MBWT 的废物最小化模型。MSW 在开放式条垛中处理了 8 周。堆肥温度在不到 10 天内达到了 65 摄氏度的最大值。在堆肥结束时对条垛中废物样品的浸出液测试结果表明，BOD(5)和 BOD(5)/COD 比值分别减少了 35.7%和 16.7%。处理后的 MSW 的废物组成百分比为 28.3%可腐物、17.4%花园垃圾、13.3%塑料、12.4%织物、12%纸张和其他元素。废物组成表明，未经处理的有机物质超过 40%，以及超过 40%的不可生物降解和可回收材料仍未经任何形式的生物处理或资源回收就被填埋。简单的干湿废物收集模型可以促进回收、填埋前生物废物处理、资源回收、劳动密集型工作，从而在南非以及类似的发展中国家实现可持续的填埋。
