Beran Michael J
Language Research Center, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Behav Processes. 2010 Mar;83(3):287-91. doi: 10.1016/j.beproc.2010.01.009. Epub 2010 Feb 1.
An adult female chimpanzee showed responding through use of exclusion in an auditory to visual matching-to-sample procedure. The chimpanzee had previously learned to associate specific visuographic symbols called lexigrams with real world referents and the spoken English words and photographs for those referents. On some trials, an unknown spoken English word was presented as the sample, and the match choices could consist of photographs or lexigrams that already were associated with known English words as well as unknown lexigrams or photos of objects without associated lexigrams. The chimpanzee reliably avoided choosing known comparisons for these unknown samples, instead relying on exclusion to choose comparisons that were of unknown lexigrams or photographs of items without associated lexigram symbols.
一只成年雌性黑猩猩在听觉-视觉匹配样本任务中表现出通过排除法进行反应。这只黑猩猩之前已经学会将特定的视觉图形符号（称为词符）与现实世界中的参照物以及这些参照物的英语口语单词和照片联系起来。在某些试验中，一个未知的英语口语单词被作为样本呈现，匹配选项可以包括已经与已知英语单词相关联的照片或词符，以及未知的词符或没有相关词符的物体照片。这只黑猩猩可靠地避免为这些未知样本选择已知的对照物，而是依靠排除法选择未知词符或没有相关词符符号的物品照片作为对照物。
