Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
Womens Health Issues. 2010 Jan-Feb;20(1):20-7. doi: 10.1016/j.whi.2009.10.002.
Although disaster causes distress, many disaster victims do not develop long-term psychopathology. Others report benefits after traumatic experiences (posttraumatic growth). The objective of this study was to examine demographic and hurricane-related predictors of resilience and posttraumatic growth.
We interviewed 222 pregnant southern Louisiana women and 292 postpartum women completed interviews at delivery and 8 weeks later. Resilience was measured by scores lower than a nonaffected population, using the Edinburgh Depression Scale and the Post-Traumatic Stress Checklist. Posttraumatic growth was measured by questions about perceived benefits of the storm. Women were asked about their experience of the hurricane, addressing danger, illness/injury, and damage. Chi-square tests and log-Poisson models were used to calculate associations and relative risks for demographics, hurricane experience, and mental health resilience and perceived benefit.
Thirty-five percent of pregnant and 34% of the postpartum women were resilient from depression, whereas 56% and 49% were resilient from posttraumatic stress disorder. Resilience was most likely among White women, older women, and women who had a partner. A greater experience of the storm, particularly injury/illness or danger, was associated with lower resilience. Experiencing damage because of the storm was associated with increased report of some perceived benefits.
Many pregnant and postpartum women are resilient from the mental health consequences of disaster, and perceive benefits after a traumatic experience. Certain aspects of experiencing disaster reduce resilience, but may increase perceived benefit.
尽管灾难会带来痛苦，但许多灾难受害者并不会出现长期的精神病理学问题。其他人则报告称，在经历创伤后会有获益（创伤后成长）。本研究的目的是检验与人口统计学和飓风相关的韧性和创伤后成长的预测因素。
我们采访了 222 名来自路易斯安那州南部的孕妇和 292 名产后妇女，她们在分娩时和 8 周后完成了访谈。使用爱丁堡抑郁量表和创伤后应激清单，将得分低于未受影响人群的情况定义为具有韧性。通过关于风暴带来的益处的问题来衡量创伤后成长。询问了妇女们对飓风经历的看法，包括危险、疾病/伤害和破坏。使用卡方检验和对数泊松模型计算人口统计学、飓风经历与心理健康韧性和感知益处之间的关联和相对风险。
35%的孕妇和 34%的产后妇女从抑郁中具有韧性，而 56%和 49%从创伤后应激障碍中具有韧性。白人妇女、年龄较大的妇女和有伴侣的妇女最有可能具有韧性。对风暴的体验更强烈，特别是受伤/患病或面临危险，与韧性降低有关。由于风暴而遭受损失与更多的感知益处报告有关。
许多孕妇和产后妇女具有从灾难的心理健康后果中恢复的韧性，并且在经历创伤后会有获益。经历灾难的某些方面会降低韧性，但可能会增加感知的益处。
