Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Neuroscience, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2009 Dec;15 Suppl 4:S65-70. doi: 10.1016/S1353-8020(09)70838-7.
Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common condition characterized by an urge to move the legs, accompanied by uncomfortable or unpleasant sensations. Symptoms predominantly occur at rest in the evening or at night, and they are alleviated by moving the affected extremity or by walking. Recent European epidemiological studies reported an overall prevalence of RLS up to 10%, with a female preponderance. The prevalence rates reported in south-eastern Europe are lower, as are those in Asiatic populations. Although the aetiopathogenesis of RLS is still unknown, the rapid and dramatic improvement of RLS with dopaminergic compounds suggests a dopaminergic system dysfunction as the basic mechanism. Extensive data are available for l-dopa and dopamine receptor agonists, especially for pramipexole and ropinirole. Pharmacological treatment should be limited to those patients who suffer from clinically relevant RLS with impaired sleep quality or quality of life. Treatment on demand is a clinical need in RLS cases that present intermittent symptoms.
不宁腿综合征（RLS）是一种常见的疾病，其特征是腿部有强烈的移动欲望，并伴有不适感或不愉快感。症状主要在晚上或夜间休息时出现，通过移动受影响的肢体或行走可以缓解。最近的欧洲流行病学研究报告 RLS 的总体患病率高达 10%，女性患病率较高。东南欧的报告患病率较低，亚洲人群的患病率也较低。虽然 RLS 的病因发病机制尚不清楚，但多巴胺能化合物能迅速显著改善 RLS，提示多巴胺能系统功能障碍是基本机制。广泛的数据可用于左旋多巴和多巴胺受体激动剂，特别是普拉克索和罗匹尼罗。药物治疗应仅限于那些患有临床相关 RLS 并伴有睡眠质量或生活质量受损的患者。按需治疗是 RLS 间歇性症状患者的临床需求。
