Lee J G, Messer L B
Dept. Paediatric Dentistry, Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Victoria 3010 Australia.
Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2010 Feb;11(1):5-17. doi: 10.1007/BF03262704.
This was to study the intakes of sweet drinks and sweet treats of children and their caries risk using the Paediatric Risk Assessment Tool (PRAT, 2003) and Caries-risk Assessment Tool (CAT, 2007-8).
Parents of 266 healthy primary school children completed the PRAT questionnaire during their child's dental appointment at the Royal Dental Hospital of Melbourne, Australia, describing their fluid and sweet treat intakes in the past 24 hours, oral hygiene practices and past caries. A subgroup (n=100) was examined clinically (CAT) for caries requiring restoration, visible plaque, gingivitis, orthodontic appliances, enamel defects, and use of dental care.
The estimated mean daily fluid intake was 1.5+/-0.5L; fluids were consumed 3-5/ day by 57% of children and 78% usually had evening/night drinks. Fluids consumed were: tap water by 90%, milk by 74%, juice by 50%, regular soft drink by 30%; sweet treats were consumed by 62% and confectionery by 25%. Most children (69%) brushed their teeth > or =2/day; 5% flossed daily. Parentally-reported caries was associated significantly with increasing treats frequency (p=0.006). In the subgroup, 81% were at high caries risk; 47% had irregular dental care; 21% had sweet drinks/foods frequently between meals; 49% had visible plaque/gingivitis, and 34% had enamel demineralisation. Caries observed in the past 12 months was associated significantly with evening sweet drinks (p=0.004), and suboptimal fluoride exposure (p=0.009). Caries observed in the past 24 months was associated significantly with treats frequency (p=0.006), intake of sweet drinks plus treats (p=0.000), enamel demineralisation (p=0.000) and irregular dental care (p=0.000).
The PRAT and CAT are valuable tools in assessing children's caries risk. The risk of caries from frequent intake of sweet drinks, either alone or in addition to sweet treats, must be emphasised to parents. All parents, and particularly those of children assessed at high risk from intakes of sweet drinks and sweet treats, suboptimal fluoride exposure, or enamel demineralisation, must be encouraged to obtain regular dental care for their children.
本研究旨在使用儿童风险评估工具（PRAT，2003年）和龋齿风险评估工具（CAT，2007 - 2008年）来研究儿童甜饮料和甜食的摄入量及其龋齿风险。
266名健康小学生的家长在孩子于澳大利亚墨尔本皇家牙科医院进行牙科预约时完成了PRAT问卷，描述了孩子在过去24小时内的液体和甜食摄入量、口腔卫生习惯及既往龋齿情况。一个亚组（n = 100）接受了临床检查（CAT），检查内容包括需要修复的龋齿、可见牙菌斑、牙龈炎、正畸矫治器、牙釉质缺陷以及牙科护理的使用情况。
估计每日平均液体摄入量为1.5±0.5升；57%的儿童每天饮用3 - 5次液体，78%的儿童通常在晚上/夜间饮用。所饮用的液体包括：90%为自来水，74%为牛奶，50%为果汁，30%为常规软饮料；62%的儿童食用甜食，25%的儿童食用糖果。大多数儿童（69%）每天刷牙≥2次；5%的儿童每天使用牙线。家长报告的龋齿与甜食食用频率增加显著相关（p = 0.006）。在亚组中，81%的儿童龋齿风险高；47%的儿童牙科护理不规律；21%的儿童在两餐之间频繁饮用甜饮料/食用甜食；49%的儿童有可见牙菌斑/牙龈炎，34%的儿童有牙釉质脱矿。过去12个月内观察到的龋齿与晚上饮用甜饮料显著相关（p = 0.004），以及氟暴露不足显著相关（p = 0.009）。过去24个月内观察到的龋齿与甜食食用频率显著相关（p = 0.006）、甜饮料加甜食的摄入量显著相关（p = 0.000）、牙釉质脱矿显著相关（p = 0.000）以及牙科护理不规律显著相关（p = 0.000）。
PRAT和CAT是评估儿童龋齿风险的有价值工具。必须向家长强调频繁饮用甜饮料单独或与甜食一起摄入所带来的龋齿风险。必须鼓励所有家长，特别是那些孩子因饮用甜饮料和食用甜食、氟暴露不足或牙釉质脱矿而被评估为高风险的家长，为孩子定期进行牙科护理。
