Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Aust Dent J. 2011 Jun;56(2):122-31. doi: 10.1111/j.1834-7819.2011.01313.x. Epub 2011 May 9.
In Australia, caries experience of 6-year-old and 12-year-old children has increased since the mid to late 1990s. Previously, caries rates had declined, attributable to community water fluoridation. The recent caries increase has been attributed speculatively to changes in fluid intake, including increased consumption of sweet drinks and bottled waters. Increasing urbanization and globalization have altered children's diets worldwide, promoting availability and access to processed foods and sweet drinks. Studies in Australia and internationally have demonstrated significant associations between sweet drink intake and caries experience. Despite widespread fluoride availability in contemporary Australian society, the relationship between sugar consumption and caries development continues and restricting sugar intake remains key to caries prevention. Caries risk assessment should be included in treatment planning for all children; parents should be advised of their child's risk level and given information on oral health promotion. Readily-implemented caries risk assessment tools applicable to parents and clinicians are now available. Public health information should increase awareness that consuming sweet drinks can have deleterious effects on the dentition as well as the potential for promoting systemic disease. Restricting sales of sweet drinks and sweet foods and providing healthy food and drinks for purchase in schools is paramount.
在澳大利亚，自 20 世纪 90 年代中期至后期以来，6 岁和 12 岁儿童的龋齿患病率有所上升。在此之前，由于社区饮用水氟化，龋齿发病率有所下降。最近的龋齿发病率上升被推测与液体摄入量的变化有关，包括含糖饮料和瓶装水摄入量的增加。城市化和全球化的不断发展改变了全球儿童的饮食结构，促进了加工食品和含糖饮料的供应和获取。澳大利亚和国际上的研究表明，含糖饮料的摄入与龋齿的发生之间存在显著关联。尽管当代澳大利亚社会广泛存在氟化物，但糖的消耗与龋齿发展之间的关系仍在继续，限制糖的摄入仍然是预防龋齿的关键。应将龋齿风险评估纳入所有儿童的治疗计划中；应告知家长其孩子的风险水平，并提供口腔健康促进方面的信息。现在有适用于家长和临床医生的易于实施的龋齿风险评估工具。公共卫生信息应提高人们的认识，即饮用含糖饮料会对牙齿产生有害影响，并可能促进全身性疾病。限制甜饮料和甜食的销售，并在学校提供健康的食物和饮料供购买是至关重要的。
