Steinberg A
Program of Medical Ethics, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
Cancer Invest. 1991;9(1):99-105. doi: 10.3109/07357909109032805.
The use of properly controlled clinical trials in medical experimentation has been of vital importance to the progress of medical science. At the same time, the new form of experimentation has also generated some of our most difficult and perplexing moral dilemmas. The solutions to the many complicated ethical problems involved in human experimentation are not straightforward, and despite numerous books, articles, codes, guidelines, and declarations, many specific issues of right and wrong in human experimentation have not yet been definitively resolved. Society today has an obligation greater than ever to control, regulate, and enforce properly balanced codes of human experimentation in order to minimize the unacceptable ethical problems and maximize the desired results of modern human experimentation. These, however, are not sufficient. The patient's greatest safeguard in experimentation is a skillful, intelligent, and conscientious physician and investigator. Thus, the investigator bears great responsibility in balancing between the common good and the individual's rights. In this article the relevant secular and Jewish ethical principles and rules concerning human experimentation are specified and methodologically organized. Particular emphasis is placed on the elucidation and evaluation of the ethical controversies surrounding randomized clinical trials.
在医学实验中使用恰当控制的临床试验对医学科学的进步至关重要。与此同时，这种新的实验形式也引发了一些我们最棘手和令人困惑的道德困境。解决人体实验中涉及的许多复杂伦理问题并非易事，尽管有众多书籍、文章、规范、指南和声明，但人体实验中许多具体的是非问题尚未得到最终解决。当今社会有比以往更大的义务来控制、规范和执行适当平衡的人体实验规范，以尽量减少不可接受的伦理问题，并使现代人体实验的预期结果最大化。然而，这些还不够。患者在实验中的最大保障是一位技术娴熟、明智且尽责的医生和研究者。因此，研究者在平衡公共利益和个人权利方面肩负着重大责任。本文明确阐述并从方法上组织了有关人体实验的相关世俗和犹太伦理原则及规则。特别强调对围绕随机临床试验的伦理争议进行阐释和评估。
