Strote Jared, Verzemnieks Erik, Walsh Mimi, Hutson H Range
Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
J Trauma. 2010 Nov;69(5):1288-93. doi: 10.1097/TA.0b013e3181c45302.
Little is known about the frequency and types of injuries sustained from law enforcement use of force (UOF). The purpose of this study was to examine injury patterns and subject conditions after law enforcement UOF under real-life conditions.
A retrospective cohort design was used to examine every UOF by a single police department from January through December, 2006. Data were collected from law enforcement UOF forms as well as medical records and included conditions surrounding the UOF, medical histories, and data from emergency department (ED) evaluations and hospital admissions.
Of 888 individuals subjected to force during the study period, 86.9% were men and the average body mass index was 25.8. Ages ranged from 10 to 77 years; juveniles comprised 5.6%. Of the types of force used by police, 73.7% were blows with arms or legs; 15.9% were Taser, 4.6% were capsicum spray, 1.7% were K-9, 0.7% were impact weapons, and 0.2% were firearms. Of the 630 (70.9%) with medical records, 78.7% had a substance abuse or psychiatric history. ED evaluations occurred for 187 (21.1% of) incidents. When laboratory workup occurred, 75.5% had positive urine toxicology and 45.9% had positive ethanol levels. Admission occurred in 15.5% (29) of ED presentations (3.3% of all subjects); of these, 9 (31.0%) were for UOF-related injury. Two subjects in the study died: one as a result of firearm injury and one by suicide after UOF; both were declared dead on scene.
Significant injuries related to law enforcement UOF in one city were rare and the only deaths were related to firearm use. A large percentage of those subjected to UOF had diagnoses of substance abuse and/or psychiatric conditions, and most hospital admissions were for problems unrelated to the UOF.
关于执法人员使用武力（UOF）造成的伤害频率和类型，人们了解甚少。本研究的目的是在现实生活条件下，检查执法人员使用武力后的受伤模式和受检对象状况。
采用回顾性队列设计，对一个警察部门在2006年1月至12月期间的每一次使用武力情况进行检查。数据收集自执法人员使用武力表格以及医疗记录，包括使用武力的相关情况、病史，以及急诊科（ED）评估和住院治疗的数据。
在研究期间遭受武力的888人中，86.9%为男性，平均体重指数为25.8。年龄范围为10至77岁；青少年占5.6%。在警察使用的武力类型中，73.7%为拳脚打击；15.9%为泰瑟枪，4.6%为辣椒喷雾，1.7%为警犬，0.7%为冲击性武器，0.2%为枪支。在有医疗记录的630人（70.9%）中，78.7%有药物滥用或精神病史。187起事件（占21.1%）进行了急诊科评估。进行实验室检查时，75.5%的尿液毒理学检测呈阳性，45.9%的乙醇水平呈阳性。15.5%（29例）的急诊科就诊病例（占所有受检对象的3.3%）住院治疗；其中，9例（31.0%）因与使用武力相关的伤害住院。研究中有两名受检对象死亡：一名死于枪伤，一名在使用武力后自杀；两人均在现场被宣布死亡。
在一个城市中，与执法人员使用武力相关的重伤情况罕见，唯一的死亡与枪支使用有关。很大比例的使用武力受检对象被诊断有药物滥用和/或精神疾病，且大多数住院治疗是因与使用武力无关的问题。
