Bauernfeind A
Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Munich, Federal Republic of Germany.
Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 1991 Jan-Feb;14(1):63-74. doi: 10.1016/0732-8893(91)90091-s.
The in vitro activity of a new oral cephalosporin, ceftibuten, was determined against 837 clinical isolates by agar dilution technique and compared with that of the oral cephalosporins, cefaclor, cefuroxime, cefixime, cefpodoxime, and cefprozil. Against Enterobacteriaceae, ceftibuten was the most active of the compounds. Ceftibuten MIC90s were less than or equal to 0.25 micrograms/ml for most members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, 0.13 microgram/ml for Haemophilus influenzae, 4 micrograms/ml for Moraxella catarrhalis, and 0.5 microgram/ml for Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Ceftibuten also was active against beta-haemolytic streptococci (serogroups A, C, and G) and penicillin-susceptible strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae (MIC90, 4 micrograms/ml), but was not active against Staphylococcus spp. or the anaerobic bacteria studied. Cefpodoxime and cefuroxime were the most active of the cephalosporins against nonenteric streptococci; cefprozil and cefuroxime were the most active against staphylococci, and cefaclor demonstrated the greatest activity against some Bacteroides spp. Most strains of Acinetobacter baumanii, Pseudomonas spp., and methicillin-resistant staphylococci, as well as all strains of Clostridium difficile, were resistant to each of the cephalosporins tested.
采用琼脂稀释法测定了新型口服头孢菌素头孢布烯对837株临床分离菌的体外活性，并与口服头孢菌素头孢克洛、头孢呋辛、头孢克肟、头孢泊肟和头孢丙烯进行了比较。对于肠杆菌科细菌，头孢布烯是这些化合物中活性最强的。对于大多数肠杆菌科成员，头孢布烯的MIC90小于或等于0.25微克/毫升；对流感嗜血杆菌为0.13微克/毫升，对卡他莫拉菌为4微克/毫升，对淋病奈瑟菌为0.5微克/毫升。头孢布烯对β溶血性链球菌（A、C和G血清群）和青霉素敏感的肺炎链球菌菌株（MIC90，4微克/毫升）也有活性，但对葡萄球菌属或所研究的厌氧菌无活性。头孢泊肟和头孢呋辛是对非肠道链球菌活性最强的头孢菌素；头孢丙烯和头孢呋辛对葡萄球菌活性最强，头孢克洛对某些拟杆菌属表现出最大活性。大多数鲍曼不动杆菌、假单胞菌属和耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌菌株，以及所有艰难梭菌菌株，对所测试的每种头孢菌素均耐药。
