Laboratory of Biochemistry, Dept. of Biochemistry, Biotechnology group, University of Groningen, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
J Biotechnol. 2010 Mar;146(1-2):9-24. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.01.021. Epub 2010 Feb 2.
Monooxygenases are enzymes that catalyze the insertion of a single oxygen atom from O(2) into an organic substrate. In order to carry out this type of reaction, these enzymes need to activate molecular oxygen to overcome its spin-forbidden reaction with the organic substrate. In most cases, monooxygenases utilize (in)organic cofactors to transfer electrons to molecular oxygen for its activation. Monooxygenases typically are highly chemo-, regio-, and/or enantioselective, making them attractive biocatalysts. In this review, an exclusive overview of known monooxygenases is presented, based on the type of cofactor that these enzymes require. This includes not only the cytochrome P450 and flavin-dependent monooxygenases, but also enzymes that utilize pterin, metal ions (copper or iron) or no cofactor at all. As most of these monooxygenases require nicotinamide coenzymes as electron donors, also an overview of current methods for coenzyme regeneration is given. This latter overview is of relevance for the biotechnological applications of these oxidative enzymes.
单加氧酶是一类能够催化将一个氧原子从 O(2)插入到有机底物中的酶。为了进行这种类型的反应，这些酶需要激活分子氧，以克服其与有机底物的自旋禁阻反应。在大多数情况下，单加氧酶利用（无机）辅因子将电子转移到分子氧以进行其激活。单加氧酶通常具有高度的化学选择性、区域选择性和/或对映体选择性，这使得它们成为有吸引力的生物催化剂。在这篇综述中，根据这些酶所需的辅因子类型，对已知的单加氧酶进行了专门的概述。这不仅包括细胞色素 P450 和黄素依赖性单加氧酶，还包括利用蝶呤、金属离子（铜或铁）或根本不使用辅因子的酶。由于大多数这些单加氧酶需要烟酰胺辅酶作为电子供体，因此还概述了当前辅酶再生的方法。这后一部分概述对于这些氧化酶的生物技术应用具有重要意义。
