莠去津、敌草快和二氟喹啉酸在葡萄园土壤中的竞争和非竞争吸附/解吸。
Competitive and non-competitive adsorption/desorption of paraquat, diquat and difenzoquat in vineyard-devoted soils.
机构信息
Soil and Agricultural Science Group, Plant Biology and Soil Science Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E32400 Ourense, Spain.
出版信息
J Hazard Mater. 2010 Jun 15;178(1-3):194-201. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.01.063. Epub 2010 Jan 18.
Mobility of agrochemicals in soils plays an important role in the fate and transport of contaminants in the environment. Competitive and non-competitive sorption experiments of three ammonium quaternary herbicides (paraquat, diquat and difenzoquat) onto eight vineyard soils was measured in batch experiments. Non-competitive experiments show that paraquat (PQ) is the most strongly adsorbed (70-97% of added PQ) followed by diquat (DQ) and difenzoquat (DFQ). The best fits were obtained with the Freundlich equation. In competitive experiments with variable mole ratios, it was found a large influence between the divalent cationic herbicides PQ and DQ, and between them and the monovalent herbicide DFQ, but DFQ did only show a scarce influence on PQ and DQ sorption. Desorption of herbicides into CaCl(2) showed very low values: around 11, 19 and 31% for, respectively, PQ, DQ and DFQ. In order to assess the ability of herbicides to displace others, desorption experiments were carried out by replacing Cl(2)Ca by any of the other two herbicides. In this case, the highest percentage of desorption was obtained when DFQ was desorbed with PQ (>72%) and DQ (>73%), but also when PQ was used to desorb DQ (100%) and vice versa (100%).
农药在土壤中的迁移性在环境中污染物的归宿和迁移中起着重要作用。本研究采用批量实验，测定了 3 种季铵类除草剂（百草枯、敌草快和二氟喹啉酸）在 8 种葡萄园土壤中的非竞争和竞争吸附实验。非竞争实验表明，百草枯（PQ）的吸附能力最强（添加的 PQ 有 70-97%被吸附），其次是敌草快（DQ）和二氟喹啉酸（DFQ）。最优拟合方程为 Freundlich 方程。在可变摩尔比的竞争实验中，发现二价阳离子除草剂 PQ 和 DQ 之间以及它们与单价除草剂 DFQ 之间存在较大影响，但 DFQ 对 PQ 和 DQ 的吸附仅表现出微弱影响。除草剂在 CaCl2 中的解吸值非常低：分别为 PQ、DQ 和 DFQ 的 11%、19%和 31%左右。为了评估除草剂取代其他物质的能力，通过用其他两种除草剂之一取代 Cl2Ca 进行解吸实验。在这种情况下，当用 PQ（>72%）和 DQ（>73%）解吸 DFQ 时，解吸的百分率最高，但当用 PQ 解吸 DQ（100%）和 DQ 解吸 PQ（100%）时，解吸的百分率也最高。
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