Ayob Yasmin
National Blood Centre, Jalan Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Biologicals. 2010 Jan;38(1):91-6. doi: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2009.10.002. Epub 2010 Feb 4.
Hemovigilance like quality systems and audits has become an integral part of the Blood Transfusion Service (BTS) in the developed world and has contributed greatly to the development of the blood service. However developing countries are still grappling with donor recruitment and efforts towards sufficiency and safety of the blood supply. In these countries the BTS is generally fragmented and a national hemovigilance program would be difficult to implement. However a few developing countries have an effective and sustainable blood program that can deliver equitable, safe and sufficient blood supply to the nation. Different models of hemovigilance program have been introduced with variable success. There are deficiencies but the data collected provided important information that can be presented to the health authorities for effective interventions. Hemovigilance program modeled from developed countries require expertise and resources that are not available in many developing countries. Whatever resources that are available should be utilized to correct deficiencies that are already apparent and obvious. Besides there are other tools that can be used to monitor the blood program in the developing countries depending on the need and the resources available. More importantly the data collected should be accurate and are used and taken into consideration in formulating guidelines, standards and policies and to affect appropriate interventions. Any surveillance program should be introduced in a stepwise manner as the blood transfusion service develops.
与质量体系和审核一样，血液监测已成为发达国家输血服务（BTS）不可或缺的一部分，并为血液服务的发展做出了巨大贡献。然而，发展中国家仍在努力应对献血者招募以及实现血液供应充足和安全的问题。在这些国家，输血服务通常较为分散，实施全国性血液监测计划会很困难。不过，一些发展中国家拥有有效且可持续的血液计划，能够为国家提供公平、安全且充足的血液供应。已引入了不同模式的血液监测计划，成效各异。虽存在不足之处，但所收集的数据提供了重要信息，可提交给卫生当局以进行有效干预。照搬发达国家模式的血液监测计划需要许多发展中国家所不具备的专业知识和资源。应利用现有的任何资源来纠正已明显存在的缺陷。此外，根据需求和现有资源，还有其他工具可用于监测发展中国家的血液计划。更重要的是，所收集的数据应准确无误，并在制定指南、标准和政策以及进行适当干预时加以使用和考虑。随着输血服务的发展，任何监测计划都应逐步引入。
