Estimation of the depth of sunlight penetration in the sea for remote sensing.

The penetration depth of light in the sea is defined for remote sensing purposes as the depth above which 90% of the diffusely reflected irradiance (excluding specular reflectance) originates. It is demonstrated that for a homogeneous ocean, this is the depth at which the downwelling in-water irradiance falls to 1/e of its value at the surface. Penetration depths as a function of wavelength are presented for a variety of water types, and a mean penetration depth z (90) for a broadband sensor is defined and applied to the MSS on ERTS-1. The maximum z (90) expected for ERTS-l is found to be somewhat less than 20 m.