Zenker J, Hagenah U, Rossaint R
Abteilung für Anästhesiologie, Universitätsklinikum, RWTH Aachen, Deutschland.
Anaesthesist. 2010 Mar;59(3):261-72; quiz 273. doi: 10.1007/s00101-009-1665-2.
Eating disorders are typical diseases of adolescence and early adulthood. About 1-3% of female juveniles suffer from anorexia nervosa (AN) or bulimia nervosa (BN). Today AN is still the psychiatric disease with the highest mortality rate. The peri-operative mortality rate of patients suffering from AN is in the range up to 15%. The beginning of AN is a lingering process and the majority of patients show increasingly restrictive eating habits ending in cachexia. Patients are obsessed by the predominant idea of being obese in spite of having a significant underweight. Patients suffering from bulimia break the strict regimen by eating enormous amounts of high calorie food. Such eating attacks are followed by weight reducing measures, mostly vomiting. Most of the physical changes caused by AN are due to starvation and loss of weight. The most significant medical complications are alterations of the cardiovascular system accompanied by decreasing contractility of the heart, bradycardia, electrocardiographic changes as well as disequilibrium of electrolytic and water balance. Most of these symptoms can be reversed by putting on weight.
饮食失调是青少年和成年早期的典型疾病。约1%-3%的女性青少年患有神经性厌食症（AN）或神经性贪食症（BN）。如今，AN仍是死亡率最高的精神疾病。患有AN的患者围手术期死亡率高达15%。AN的发病是一个渐进的过程，大多数患者饮食习惯越来越受限，最终发展为恶病质。尽管体重明显不足，但患者仍被肥胖的主导观念所困扰。患有神经性贪食症的患者会通过大量食用高热量食物来打破严格的饮食方案。这种饮食发作之后会采取减肥措施，主要是呕吐。AN引起的大多数身体变化是由于饥饿和体重减轻。最严重的医学并发症是心血管系统改变，伴有心脏收缩力下降、心动过缓、心电图变化以及电解质和水平衡失调。通过增加体重，这些症状大多可以得到逆转。
