Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK.
Dev Sci. 2010 Mar;13(2):307-19. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2009.00885.x.
Two experiments were conducted to explore the extent to which individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), as well as young typically developing (TD) children, are explicitly aware of their own and others' intentions. In Experiment 1, participants with ASD were significantly less likely than age- and ability-matched comparison participants to correctly recognize their own knee-jerk reflex movements as unintentional. Performance on this knee-jerk task was associated with performance on measures of false belief understanding, independent of age and verbal ability, in both participants with ASD and TD children. In Experiment 2, participants with ASD were significantly less able than comparison participants to correctly recognize their own or another person's mistaken actions as unintended, in a 'Transparent Intentions' task (Russell & Hill, 2001; Russell, Hill & Franco, 2001). Performance on aspects of the Transparent Intentions task was associated with performance on measures of false belief understanding, independent of age and verbal ability, in both participants with ASD and TD children. This study suggests that individuals with ASD have a diminished awareness of their own and others' intentions and that this diminution is associated with other impairments in theory of mind.
本研究进行了两项实验，旨在探究自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）个体以及年轻的典型发育（TD）儿童在何种程度上能够明确意识到自己和他人的意图。在实验 1 中，与年龄和能力匹配的对照组参与者相比，ASD 参与者更不可能正确识别自己的膝跳反射运动是无意识的。在这项膝跳反射任务上的表现与虚假信念理解的衡量标准相关，与年龄和语言能力无关，在 ASD 参与者和 TD 儿童中均如此。在实验 2 中，与对照组参与者相比，ASD 参与者在“透明意图”任务（Russell & Hill，2001；Russell，Hill & Franco，2001）中更不可能正确识别自己或他人的错误行为是无意的。在透明意图任务的各个方面的表现与虚假信念理解的衡量标准相关，与年龄和语言能力无关，在 ASD 参与者和 TD 儿童中均如此。这项研究表明，ASD 个体对自己和他人的意图的意识减弱，这种减弱与心理理论的其他损伤有关。
