Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway.
Chemosphere. 2010 Apr;79(4):470-5. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.01.021.
Increasing demand for simple and reliable passive samplers for monitoring hydrophobic organic contaminants in water has led to increased frequency of use of single-phase polymeric sampling devices. In this study, we evaluate the effect of sampler material on the passive sampling of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in two Norwegian rivers. Low density polyethylene membranes (LDPE), silicone strips and semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) with the exact same surface area and conformation were exposed in the Drammen River for overlapping exposures of 24 and 51 d, under identical hydrodynamic conditions. Dissipation rates of performance reference compounds (PRCs) spiked in all samplers were consistent and demonstrated no significant differences in sampler-water analyte exchange kinetics between the two exposures. The transition to fully boundary layer-controlled uptake shown by PRC dissipation rates was confirmed by investigating PAH masses absorbed by the samplers. Masses of analytes with log K(ow)>4.5 absorbed into the samplers were similar and independent of the sampler material used, generally indicating for these compounds that the boundary layer dominated the resistance to mass transfer. The very low variability in analyte masses absorbed across sampler types observed here indicates that much of the overall variability in dissolved contaminant concentrations seen in passive sampler intercomparison studies is likely the result of the uncertainty associated with sampler-water partition coefficients and PRC dissipation rates. PRC dissipation rates and ratios of masses absorbed over 51 and 24 d for these compounds demonstrated integrative sampling over 51 d and no major effects of biofouling on sampling. The equivalence of data obtained using silicone strips and SPMDs supports the use of single-phase polymeric passive sampling devices.
为满足监测水中疏水性有机污染物的简单可靠的被动采样器的需求不断增加，单相聚合物采样装置的使用频率也随之增加。在这项研究中，我们评估了采样器材料对挪威两条河流中多环芳烃（PAHs）的被动采样的影响。低密度聚乙烯膜（LDPE）、硅树脂条和具有相同表面积和构象的半渗透膜装置（SPMD）在德拉门河进行了重叠暴露，暴露时间分别为 24 天和 51 天，在相同的水动力条件下。所有采样器中添加的性能参考化合物（PRC）的消散率一致，表明两次暴露之间采样器与水之间分析物交换动力学没有显著差异。通过调查采样器吸收的 PAH 质量，证实了 PRC 消散率所显示的完全由边界层控制的吸收转变。边界层对质量传递的阻力占主导地位的化合物，其吸收到采样器中的分析物质量与采样器材料无关，且相似，通常表明这些化合物。这里观察到的不同采样器类型吸收的分析物质量的低可变性表明，在被动采样器比较研究中看到的溶解污染物浓度的整体可变性很大程度上是由于与采样器-水分配系数和 PRC 消散率相关的不确定性所致。这些化合物的 51 天和 24 天吸收质量的 PRC 消散率和比值表明，51 天的积分采样，且生物污损对采样没有重大影响。使用硅树脂条和 SPMD 获得的数据等效性支持单相聚合物被动采样装置的使用。
