Keech T D, Resca L
Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA.
Atten Percept Psychophys. 2010 Feb;72(2):285-307. doi: 10.3758/APP.72.2.285.
We present a computational model and corresponding computer simulations that mimic phenomenologically the eye movement trajectories observed in a conjunctive visual search task. The element of randomness is captured in the model through a Monte Carlo selection of a particular eye movement based on its probability, which depends on three factors, adjusted to match to the observed saccade amplitude distribution, forward bias in consecutive saccades, and return rates. Memory is assumed to operate through tagging of objects already recognized as nontargets, which, in turn, requires their processing within the attentional area of conspicuity (AC). That AC is adjusted so that computer simulations optimally reproduce the distribution of the number of saccades, the failure rate for capturing the target, and the return rate to previously inspected locations. For their viability, computer simulations critically depend on memory's being long-ranged. In turn, the simulations confirm the formation of circulating or spiraling patterns in the observed eye trajectories. We also relate consistently the average number of saccades per trial to the saccade amplitude distribution by modeling analytically the combined roles of the AC in attention and memory. The full Supplemental Appendix A for this article may be downloaded from http://app.psychonomic-journals.org/content/supplemental.
我们提出了一种计算模型及相应的计算机模拟，该模型从现象学角度模拟了在联合视觉搜索任务中观察到的眼球运动轨迹。模型中的随机性元素是通过基于概率的蒙特卡洛方法来选择特定的眼球运动来体现的，该概率取决于三个因素，这些因素经过调整以匹配观察到的扫视幅度分布、连续扫视中的向前偏向以及返回率。假设记忆是通过标记已被识别为非目标的对象来运作的，而这反过来又需要在显著性注意区域（AC）内对这些对象进行处理。对AC进行调整，以便计算机模拟能够最佳地重现扫视次数的分布、捕获目标的失败率以及返回先前检查位置的返回率。计算机模拟的可行性严重依赖于记忆的长程性。反过来，模拟结果证实了在观察到的眼球轨迹中形成了循环或螺旋模式。我们还通过对AC在注意力和记忆中的综合作用进行分析建模，将每次试验的平均扫视次数与扫视幅度分布始终如一地联系起来。本文的完整补充附录A可从http://app.psychonomic-journals.org/content/supplemental下载。
