Stilp Christian E, Alexander Joshua M, Kiefte Michael, Kluender Keith R
University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
Atten Percept Psychophys. 2010 Feb;72(2):470-80. doi: 10.3758/APP.72.2.470.
Brief experience with reliable spectral characteristics of a listening context can markedly alter perception of subsequent speech sounds, and parallels have been drawn between auditory compensation for listening context and visual color constancy. In order to better evaluate such an analogy, the generality of acoustic context effects for sounds with spectral-temporal compositions distinct from speech was investigated. Listeners identified nonspeech sounds-extensively edited samples produced by a French horn and a tenor saxophone-following either resynthesized speech or a short passage of music. Preceding contexts were "colored" by spectral envelope difference filters, which were created to emphasize differences between French horn and saxophone spectra. Listeners were more likely to report hearing a saxophone when the stimulus followed a context filtered to emphasize spectral characteristics of the French horn, and vice versa. Despite clear changes in apparent acoustic source, the auditory system calibrated to relatively predictable spectral characteristics of filtered context, differentially affecting perception of subsequent target nonspeech sounds. This calibration to listening context and relative indifference to acoustic sources operates much like visual color constancy, for which reliable properties of the spectrum of illumination are factored out of perception of color.
对具有可靠频谱特征的聆听环境的短暂体验能显著改变对后续语音的感知，并且在听觉对聆听环境的补偿与视觉颜色恒常性之间已有人提出了相似之处。为了更好地评估这种类比，我们研究了声学环境效应对于频谱-时间构成不同于语音的声音的普遍性。听众在重合成语音或一小段音乐之后，识别非语音声音——由法国号和次中音萨克斯管生成的经过大量编辑的样本。之前的环境通过频谱包络差异滤波器进行“染色”，这些滤波器旨在强调法国号和萨克斯管频谱之间的差异。当刺激在经过滤波以强调法国号频谱特征的环境之后出现时，听众更有可能报告听到萨克斯管的声音，反之亦然。尽管明显的声源发生了变化，但听觉系统会根据滤波后的环境中相对可预测的频谱特征进行校准，从而对后续目标非语音声音的感知产生不同影响。这种对聆听环境的校准以及对声源的相对不敏感，其运作方式与视觉颜色恒常性非常相似，对于视觉颜色恒常性而言，照明光谱的可靠属性在颜色感知中被排除在外。
