Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon (Université Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon), 46 allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France.
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2010 May;67(9):1423-45. doi: 10.1007/s00018-010-0268-z. Epub 2010 Feb 7.
Vitamin A is essential for the formation and maintenance of many body tissues. It is also important for embryonic growth and development and can act as a teratogen at critical periods of development. Retinoic acid (RA) is the biologically active form of vitamin A and its signaling is mediated by the RA and retinoid X receptors. In addition to its role as an important molecule during development, RA has also been implicated in clinical applications, both as a potential anti-tumor agent as well as for the treatment of skin diseases. This review presents an overview of how dietary retinoids are converted to RA, hence presenting the major players in RA metabolism and signaling, and highlights examples of treatment applications of retinoids. Moreover, we discuss the origin and diversification of the retinoid pathway, which are important factors for understanding the evolution of ligand-specificity among retinoid receptors.
维生素 A 对于许多身体组织的形成和维持至关重要。它对胚胎的生长和发育也很重要，并可在发育的关键时期充当致畸剂。视黄酸（RA）是维生素 A 的生物活性形式，其信号通过 RA 和视黄醇 X 受体介导。除了在发育过程中作为一种重要分子的作用外，RA 还与临床应用有关，既可以作为潜在的抗肿瘤剂，也可以用于治疗皮肤病。这篇综述概述了膳食类视黄醇如何转化为 RA，从而介绍了 RA 代谢和信号转导中的主要参与者，并强调了类视黄醇治疗应用的实例。此外，我们讨论了视黄醇途径的起源和多样化，这是理解视黄醇受体之间配体特异性进化的重要因素。
