Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Clin Infect Dis. 2010 Mar 1;50 Suppl 2:S45-53. doi: 10.1086/648964.
Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD), although uncommon, is difficult to diagnose and can be rapidly fatal, even in healthy young persons. IMD is cyclic, and serogroups responsible for disease vary by age group, although the prevalence of the serogroups changes over time and by geographical location. Two quadrivalent vaccines are licensed in the United States to prevent IMD caused by serogroups A, C, Y, and W-135, and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends routine vaccination with quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine of adolescents 11-18 years of age and vaccination of persons 2-55 years of age who are at elevated risk of IMD. Efforts to prevent IMD remain challenging, because there is neither an immunogenic vaccine for infants nor a vaccine to prevent serogroup B disease that is currently licensed. Obstacles to achieving optimal vaccine coverage among adolescents persist, and strategies are needed to address these shortcomings.
侵袭性脑膜炎球菌病（IMD）虽然不常见，但难以诊断，即使是健康的年轻人也可能迅速致命。 IMD 呈周期性发生，引起疾病的血清群因年龄组而异，尽管血清群的流行率随时间和地理位置而变化。 美国有两种四价疫苗获得许可，可预防由血清群 A、C、Y 和 W-135 引起的 IMD，美国疾病控制与预防中心建议对 11-18 岁的青少年常规接种四价脑膜炎球菌结合疫苗，并对 2-55 岁有 IMD 高风险的人群进行接种。预防 IMD 的工作仍然具有挑战性，因为目前既没有针对婴儿的免疫原性疫苗，也没有预防目前许可的血清群 B 疾病的疫苗。在青少年中实现最佳疫苗接种覆盖率的障碍仍然存在，需要制定策略来解决这些不足。
