Neuronal-glial networks are the substrate for the brain function. Evolution of the nervous system resulted in the appearance of highly specialized neuronal web optimized for rapid information transfer. This neuronal web is embedded into glial syncytium, thereby creating sophisticated neuronal-glial circuitry were both types of neural cells are working in concert, ensuring amplification of brain computational power. In addition neuroglial cells are fundamental for control of brain homeostasis and they represent the intrinsic brain defence system, being thus intimately involved in pathogenesis of neurological diseases.