Wöber C, Auff E, Deecke L
Neurologische Universitätsklinik, Wien.
Wien Klin Wochenschr. 1991;103(1):15-20.
Spasmodic torticollis is classified as a focal dystonia. It is characterized by involuntary contractions of the muscles of the neck, with consequent deviation of the head from the correct posture. Psychological factors are recognized as important trigger and aggravating mechanisms. The various possibilities of therapeutic management (medical and surgical treatment, psychological methods and psychotherapy) are reviewed. Therapy of spasmodic torticollis should be started with methods such as biofeedback, behaviour therapy, and anticholinergic drugs. If these procedures not successful, local application of botulinum toxin offers a new and highly effective technique. Surgical treatment such as neurotomy, rhizotomy, or stereotaxic operations should be restricted to otherwise intractable cases.
痉挛性斜颈被归类为局灶性肌张力障碍。其特征是颈部肌肉不自主收缩，导致头部偏离正确姿势。心理因素被认为是重要的触发和加重机制。本文综述了治疗管理的各种可能性（药物和手术治疗、心理方法和心理治疗）。痉挛性斜颈的治疗应从生物反馈、行为疗法和抗胆碱能药物等方法开始。如果这些方法不成功，局部应用肉毒杆菌毒素提供了一种新的高效技术。手术治疗如神经切断术、神经根切断术或立体定向手术应仅限于其他方法难以治疗的病例。
