Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Vascular System Research Center, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, 200-701, Republic of Korea.
Amino Acids. 2010 Aug;39(3):619-31. doi: 10.1007/s00726-010-0500-z. Epub 2010 Feb 11.
Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is a multifunctional protein that can function as a transglutaminase, G protein, kinase, protein disulfide isomerase, and as an adaptor protein. These multiple biochemical activities of TG2 account for, at least in part, its involvement in a wide variety of cellular processes encompassing differentiation, cell death, inflammation, cell migration, and wound healing. The individual biochemical activities of TG2 are regulated by several cellular factors, including calcium, nucleotides, and redox potential, which vary depending on its subcellular location. Thus, the microenvironments of the subcellular compartments to which TG2 localizes, such as the cytosol, plasma membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, or extracellular space, are important determinants to switch on or off various TG2 biochemical activities. Furthermore, TG2 interacts with a distinct subset of proteins and/or substrates depending on its subcellular location. In this review, the biological functions and molecular interactions of TG2 will be discussed in the context of the unique environments of the subcellular compartments to which TG2 localizes.
转谷氨酰胺酶 2（TG2）是一种多功能蛋白，可作为转谷氨酰胺酶、G 蛋白、激酶、蛋白二硫键异构酶和衔接蛋白发挥作用。TG2 的这些多种生化活性至少部分解释了其参与的广泛多样的细胞过程，包括分化、细胞死亡、炎症、细胞迁移和伤口愈合。TG2 的个体生化活性受多种细胞因子调节，包括钙、核苷酸和氧化还原电位，这些因子根据其亚细胞定位而变化。因此，TG2 定位的亚细胞区室（如细胞质、质膜、核、线粒体或细胞外空间）的微环境是开启或关闭各种 TG2 生化活性的重要决定因素。此外，TG2 根据其亚细胞定位与独特的蛋白子集和/或底物相互作用。在这篇综述中，将根据 TG2 定位的亚细胞区室的独特环境来讨论 TG2 的生物学功能和分子相互作用。
