Schomerus Georg, Holzinger Anita, Matschinger Herbert, Lucht Michael, Angermeyer Matthias C
Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie der Ernst-Moritz- Arndt-Universität Greifswald im Hanse-Klinikum Stralsund, Rostocker Chaussee 70, 18437 Stralsund.
Psychiatr Prax. 2010 Apr;37(3):111-8. doi: 10.1055/s-0029-1223438. Epub 2010 Feb 10.
Although among the most prevalent psychiatric conditions, alcoholism seems to be neglected within the current debate on mental illness stigma. We establish the state of current research on public attitudes towards alcohol dependent people.
In an extensive search of the literature, we identified 49 population studies on this topic between 1948 and 2008. 27 studies contained relevant information from Western countries and were included in this review.
Although most people regard alcoholism as an illness, there is a strong tendency to blame those affected for their condition. Psycho-social causal attributions prevail over biologic explanations. Most people regard alcohol dependent persons as unpredictable and dangerous. The desire for social distance is stronger towards alcohol dependent persons than towards those with other psychiatric diagnoses such as depression or schizophrenia; only those addicted to illegal drugs suffer stronger rejection. Preferences of the public for resource allocation within the health care system put alcohol dependent patients at a potential disadvantage.
Alcoholism is a severely stigmatized condition. In order to change the stigma of alcoholism, studies exploring theoretical models and mechanisms of stigmatization seem necessary.
尽管酗酒是最常见的精神疾病之一，但在当前关于精神疾病污名化的讨论中似乎被忽视了。我们确定了当前关于公众对酒精依赖者态度的研究状况。
在广泛检索文献的过程中，我们找出了1948年至2008年间关于该主题的49项人群研究。其中27项研究包含来自西方国家的相关信息，并被纳入本综述。
尽管大多数人将酗酒视为一种疾病，但人们强烈倾向于指责患者自身导致了这种状况。心理社会因果归因比生物学解释更为普遍。大多数人认为酒精依赖者不可预测且危险。与患有抑郁症或精神分裂症等其他精神疾病的患者相比，公众对酒精依赖者保持社交距离的意愿更强；只有那些吸食非法毒品成瘾的人遭受的排斥更为强烈。公众在医疗保健系统内对资源分配的偏好使酒精依赖患者处于潜在的不利地位。
酗酒是一种受到严重污名化的疾病。为了改变对酗酒的污名化现象，探索污名化的理论模型和机制的研究似乎很有必要。
