Division of Mental Health and Addiction Medicine, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan.
Addiction. 2010 May;105(5):920-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02894.x. Epub 2010 Feb 9.
To assess the possible increase in mortality rate and associated socio-demographic and judiciary determinants among first-time drug offenders during the first 3 years after release from correctional facilities.
A total of 22 224 male and 4444 female adults who had served a sentence of at least 1 day in correctional facilities for illegal drug-related offences were identified from the judiciary records of the Ministry of Justice, Taiwan.
The underlying causes of death were defined by the International Classification of Diseases, ninth revision. Findings All-cause standardized mortality ratios (SMR) were 7 for schedule I (e.g. heroin) and 3 for schedule II (e.g. methamphetamine) drug offenders, respectively; accidents, suicide and circulatory diseases were three leading causes of death. After release, the risk of death among those drug offenders without subsequent incarceration increased gradually until the 9th month. Those who were aged 30 years or older, had an engagement with a higher-ranked schedule substance or who received severe sentences were two to three times more likely to die. Substantial reduction in the risk of death was linked with re-imprisonment.
The SMR estimates for external causes were greater than those for disease-related causes in drug offenders, and schedule I drugs-related mortality rate was twice as high as that with schedule II drugs. In transitioning from the correctional setting to the community, the health needs of drug offenders should be addressed by the provision of continuous, adequate medical care tailored to individual background, medical history and drug experience.
评估首次吸毒罪犯在从惩教机构获释后的头 3 年内死亡率的可能增加情况，以及相关的社会人口统计学和司法决定因素。
从司法部司法记录中确定了 22224 名男性和 4444 名女性成年人，他们因与非法毒品相关的犯罪而在惩教机构服刑至少 1 天。
死亡的根本原因由国际疾病分类，第九版定义。结果所有原因标准化死亡率（SMR）分别为 I 类（如海洛因）和 II 类（如甲基苯丙胺）药物罪犯的 7 和 3；事故、自杀和循环系统疾病是三个主要死因。获释后，无后续监禁的吸毒罪犯的死亡风险逐渐增加，直到第 9 个月。年龄在 30 岁或以上、与排名较高的附表物质有关联或被判重刑的人，死亡的风险是其他人的两到三倍。再次入狱与死亡风险的大幅降低有关。
吸毒罪犯的外部原因的 SMR 估计值大于与疾病相关的原因的估计值，而 I 类药物相关的死亡率是 II 类药物的两倍。在从惩教环境过渡到社区时，应通过提供针对个人背景、病史和药物使用情况量身定制的持续、充分的医疗保健来满足吸毒罪犯的健康需求。
