Webb R K, Ralston A C, Runciman W B
Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Royal Adelaide Hospital, South Australia.
Anaesthesia. 1991 Mar;46(3):207-12. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1991.tb09411.x.
The published studies of pulse oximeter performance under conditions of normal, high and low saturation, exercise, poor signal quality and cardiac arrhythmia are reviewed. Most pulse oximeters have an absolute mean error of less than 2% at normal saturation and perfusion; two-thirds have a standard deviation (SD) of less than 2%, and the remainder an SD of less than 3%. Some pulse oximeters tend to read 100% with fractional saturations of 97-98%. Pulse oximeters may be suitable hyperoxic alarms for neonates if the alarm limit chosen is directly validated for each device. Pulse oximeters are poorly calibrated at low saturations and are generally less accurate and less precise than at normal saturations; nearly 30% of 244 values reviewed were in error by more than 5% at saturations of less than 80%. Ear, nose and forehead probes respond more rapidly to rapid desaturation than finger probes, but are generally less accurate and less precise. Ear oximetry may be inaccurate during exercise. Low signal quality can result in failure to present a saturation reading, but data given with low signal quality warning messages are generally no less accurate than those without. Cardiac arrhythmias do not decrease accuracy of pulse oximeters so long as saturation readings are steady.
本文综述了在正常、高饱和与低饱和、运动、信号质量差及心律失常等条件下脉搏血氧仪性能的已发表研究。大多数脉搏血氧仪在正常饱和度和灌注情况下的绝对平均误差小于2%；三分之二的脉搏血氧仪标准差（SD）小于2%，其余的标准差小于3%。一些脉搏血氧仪在分数饱和度为97 - 98%时往往读数为100%。如果为每个设备直接验证所选的警报限值，脉搏血氧仪可能适用于新生儿的高氧警报。脉搏血氧仪在低饱和度时校准不佳，通常不如在正常饱和度时准确和精确；在审查的244个值中，近30%在饱和度低于80%时误差超过5%。耳、鼻和额头探头对快速去饱和的反应比手指探头更快，但通常准确性和精确性较低。运动期间耳部血氧测定可能不准确。低信号质量可能导致无法显示饱和度读数，但带有低信号质量警告信息的数据通常并不比没有警告信息的数据准确性低。只要饱和度读数稳定，心律失常不会降低脉搏血氧仪的准确性。
