Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9063, USA.
Am J Pathol. 2010 Apr;176(4):1767-78. doi: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.090345. Epub 2010 Feb 11.
Epithelial cell fate and nephron loss in obstructive uropathy are not fully understood. We produced transgenic mice in which epithelial cells in the nephrons and collecting ducts were labeled with enhanced yellow fluorescent protein, and tracked the fate of these cells following unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). UUO led to a decrease in the number of enhanced yellow fluorescent protein-expressing cells and down-regulation of epithelial markers, E-cadherin, and hepatocyte nuclear factor-1beta. Following UUO, enhanced yellow fluorescent protein-positive cells were confined within the tubular basement membrane, were not found in the renal interstitium, and did not express alpha-smooth muscle actin or S100A4, markers of myofibroblasts and fibroblasts. Moreover, when proximal tubules were labeled with dextran before UUO, dextran-retaining cells did not migrate into the interstitium or express alpha-smooth muscle actin. These results indicate that UUO leads to tubular epithelial loss but does not cause epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition that has been shown by others to be responsible for nephron loss and interstitial fibrosis. For the first time, we found evidence of enhanced autophagy in obstructed tubules, including accumulation of autophagosomes, increased expression of Beclin 1, and increased conversion of microtubular-associated protein 1 light chain 3-I to -II. Increased autophagy may represent a mechanism of tubular survival or may contribute to excessive cell death and tubular atrophy after obstructive injury.
上皮细胞命运和梗阻性尿路病中的肾单位丢失尚不完全清楚。我们制作了转基因小鼠,其中肾单位和集合管中的上皮细胞被增强型黄色荧光蛋白标记,并在单侧输尿管梗阻(UUO)后追踪这些细胞的命运。UUO 导致表达增强型黄色荧光蛋白的细胞数量减少,上皮标记物 E-钙黏蛋白和肝细胞核因子-1β下调。UUO 后,增强型黄色荧光蛋白阳性细胞局限于管状基底膜内,不在肾间质中发现,也不表达α-平滑肌肌动蛋白或 S100A4,这是肌成纤维细胞和成纤维细胞的标志物。此外,当在 UUO 之前用葡聚糖标记近端小管时,葡聚糖保留细胞不会迁移到间质中或表达α-平滑肌肌动蛋白。这些结果表明,UUO 导致肾小管上皮细胞丢失,但不会引起上皮细胞向间充质转化,而其他人已经证明这是导致肾单位丢失和间质纤维化的原因。我们首次发现梗阻小管中增强的自噬的证据,包括自噬体的积累、Beclin 1 的表达增加以及微管相关蛋白 1 轻链 3-I 向 -II 的转化增加。增强的自噬可能代表一种小管存活的机制,或可能导致梗阻性损伤后细胞过度死亡和小管萎缩。