Department of Radiology, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
Diagn Interv Radiol. 2010 Mar;16(1):38-44. doi: 10.4261/1305-3825.DIR.2395-08.1. Epub 2010 Feb 9.
The aim of this study was to analyze the presence and type of vascularity with color Doppler ultrasound (CDUS) in gynecomastia, to describe gray-scale ultrasound (US) and CDUS features in different stages of gynecomastia, and to compare these findings with the characteristic US appearances of Tanner stages.
A total of 108 breasts of 54 males aged 11-27 years with complaint of gynecomastia and US verification of gynecomastia were evaluated. Each breast was then classified according to Tanner stages. The retroareolar thickness was measured. The breast was divided into three regions (medial, lateral, and retroareolar) and the arterial flow was scored according to the number of regions in which arterial flow was observed. Venous blood flow was scored according to the number of vessels in each breast.
Gynecomastia was present in 78 breasts with a retroareolar thickness of 5-31 mm and symptom duration of 1-300 weeks. Fifteen breasts with gynecomastia had no arterial or venous flow. Tanner stages were found to be strongly associated with arterial and venous flow scores, duration of symptoms, and retroareolar thickness (P < 0.001).
This study shows that vascular structures should be accepted as a component of gynecomastia. Vascularity in gynecomastia corresponds to progression of breast development, and as the process advances vascularity becomes more prominent.
本研究旨在分析男性乳腺发育症中彩色多普勒超声（CDUS）的血管存在和类型，描述不同阶段男性乳腺发育症的灰阶超声（US）和 CDUS 特征，并将这些发现与 Tanner 分期的典型 US 表现进行比较。
共评估了 54 名年龄在 11-27 岁之间、因男性乳腺发育症就诊并经 US 证实为男性乳腺发育症的 108 例男性的 108 例乳房。然后根据 Tanner 分期对每个乳房进行分类。测量乳晕后厚度。将乳房分为三个区域（内侧、外侧和乳晕后），根据观察到动脉血流的区域数量对动脉血流进行评分。根据每个乳房中的血管数量对静脉血流进行评分。
78 例男性乳腺发育症患者乳晕后厚度为 5-31mm，症状持续时间为 1-300 周。15 例男性乳腺发育症患者无动脉或静脉血流。Tanner 分期与动脉和静脉血流评分、症状持续时间和乳晕后厚度密切相关（P<0.001）。
本研究表明，血管结构应被视为男性乳腺发育症的一个组成部分。男性乳腺发育症中的血管与乳腺发育的进展相对应，随着进程的推进，血管变得更加明显。
