Department of Maternal and Pediatric Sciences, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli e Regina Elena, Milan, Italy.
Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2010 Jan-Mar;23(1 Suppl):53-5.
Rhinosinusitis is an inflammation of one or more paranasal sinuses, usually caused by an infection. The clinical appearance of rhinosinusitis may be heterogeneous and change with patient age, the duration of symptoms and, above all, the seriousness of the illness. The diagnosis of rhinosinusitis should only be based on anamnestic and clinical criteria in children with serious or persistent symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection, or which appear within a short time of an apparent recovery. Imaging studies are not usually necessary to confirm a diagnosis of uncomplicated acute bacterial rhinosinusitis. Paranasal sinus computed tomography or magnetic resonance and optical fibre rhinoscopy are required in severe cases that do not respond to antibiotic therapy. Antibiotics are recommended in cases of mild acute bacterial rhinosinusitis as a means of accelerating the resolution of symptoms, and they are mandatory in severe acute cases in order to cure the disease and avoid the possible onset of severe complications.
鼻窦炎是一个或多个副鼻窦的炎症，通常由感染引起。鼻窦炎的临床表现可能具有异质性，并随患者年龄、症状持续时间以及最重要的是疾病的严重程度而变化。在患有严重或持续性上呼吸道感染症状的儿童，或在上呼吸道感染明显好转后不久出现症状的儿童中，鼻窦炎的诊断仅应基于病史和临床标准。对于不伴有并发症的急性细菌性鼻窦炎，通常不需要影像学检查来确诊。对于未对抗生素治疗产生反应的严重病例，需要进行鼻窦计算机断层扫描或磁共振成像以及光纤鼻内镜检查。对于轻度急性细菌性鼻窦炎，建议使用抗生素以加速症状缓解，对于严重的急性病例，则必须使用抗生素以治愈疾病并避免可能出现严重并发症。
