Principi N, Esposito S
Institute of Pediatrics, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli e Regina Elena, Milan, Italy.
Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2007 Nov;18 Suppl 18:7-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2007.00623.x.
Rhinosinusitis is a common children's disease. Most cases are acute, follow an episode of common cold, and are the consequence of a superimposed bacterial infection. If mild, they are characterized by the persistence of signs and symptoms of upper respiratory tract disease for more than 10 days; if severe, they involve fever and a purulent nasal discharge, and can cause a substantial decline in general health. Recurrent acute or chronic cases are usually diagnosed in children with predisposing factors, such as recurrent respiratory tract infections, allergic rhinitis, cystic fibrosis, immunodeficiency, ciliary dyskinesia, anatomic abnormalities or reflux. Therapy is based on antibiotics, administered orally in mild, and intravenously in severe cases. On the basis of recently highlighted antibiotic resistances and the possibility of spontaneous resolution, experts agree in considering amoxicillin the drug of choice for mild cases, and an antibiotic capable of overcoming all possible resistance for severe cases.
鼻窦炎是一种常见的儿童疾病。大多数病例为急性，继发于普通感冒发作之后，是由叠加的细菌感染所致。若病情较轻，其特征为上呼吸道疾病的体征和症状持续超过10天；若病情严重，则会出现发热和脓性鼻涕，并可导致整体健康状况大幅下降。复发性急性或慢性病例通常在具有易感因素的儿童中被诊断出来，这些因素包括反复呼吸道感染、过敏性鼻炎、囊性纤维化、免疫缺陷、纤毛运动障碍、解剖学异常或反流。治疗以抗生素为基础，轻症口服给药，重症静脉给药。基于近期突出的抗生素耐药性以及自发缓解的可能性，专家们一致认为阿莫西林是轻症病例的首选药物，而对于重症病例则应使用一种能够克服所有可能耐药性的抗生素。
