School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia.
Adv Colloid Interface Sci. 2010 Feb 26;154(1-2):30-55. doi: 10.1016/j.cis.2010.01.006. Epub 2010 Jan 22.
Interactions between hydrophobic surfaces at nanometer separation distances in aqueous solutions are important in a number of biological and industrial processes. Force spectroscopy studies, most notably with the atomic force microscope and surface-force apparatus, have found the existence of a long range hydrophobic attractive force between hydrophobic surfaces in aqueous conditions that cannot be explained by classical colloidal science theories. Numerous mechanisms have been proposed for the hydrophobic force, but in many cases the force is an artifact due to the accumulation of submicroscopic bubbles at the liquid-hydrophobic solid interface, the so called nanobubbles. The coalescence of nanobubbles as hydrophobic surfaces approach forms a gaseous capillary bridge, and thus a capillary force. The existence of nanobubbles has been highly debated over the last 15 years. To date, experimental evidence is sound but a theoretical understanding is still lacking. It is the purpose of this review to bring together the many experimental results on nanobubbles and the resulting capillary force in order to clarify these phenomena. A review of pertinent nanobubble stability and formation theories is also presented.
纳米尺度下水溶液中疏水性表面之间的相互作用在许多生物和工业过程中都很重要。力谱研究，特别是原子力显微镜和表面力仪的研究，发现疏水性表面在水相条件下存在长程疏水力，这不能用经典胶体科学理论来解释。已经提出了许多疏水力的机制，但在许多情况下，由于在液体-疏水性固体界面处积累亚微观气泡，即所谓的纳米气泡，导致力是一种假象。当疏水性表面接近时，纳米气泡的合并会形成气态毛细桥，从而产生毛细力。在过去的 15 年中，纳米气泡的存在一直存在争议。迄今为止，实验证据是可靠的，但理论理解仍然缺乏。本文的目的是将许多关于纳米气泡和由此产生的毛细力的实验结果汇集在一起，以澄清这些现象。还介绍了相关的纳米气泡稳定性和形成理论的综述。
