Department of Neurology, University Medicine Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany.
Trends Neurosci. 2010 Apr;33(4):202-10. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2010.01.002. Epub 2010 Feb 12.
Recently it has become clear that the neuronal compartment plays a more important role than previously thought in the pathology of multiple sclerosis. Apart from demyelination, neuronal pathology is apparently largely responsible for the brain atrophy that can be observed early on and throughout the course of the disease. The loss of axons and their neurons in the course of chronic neuroinflammation is a major factor determining long-term disability in patients. The actual steps leading from immune attack against the myelin sheath to neuronal damage are not yet fully clear. Here we review key findings about direct axonal damage processes, demyelination-related neuronal pathology and cell-body pathology, the major pathologic correlates that underlie brain atrophy in MS.
最近，人们越来越清楚地认识到，神经元区在多发性硬化症的病理中起着比以前想象的更为重要的作用。除脱髓鞘外，神经元病变显然在很大程度上是导致疾病早期和整个病程中可观察到的脑萎缩的原因。在慢性神经炎症过程中轴突及其神经元的丧失是决定患者长期残疾的主要因素。从针对髓鞘的免疫攻击到神经元损伤的实际步骤尚不完全清楚。在这里，我们回顾了关于直接轴突损伤过程、与脱髓鞘相关的神经元病变和胞体病变的关键发现，这些是 MS 患者脑萎缩的主要病理相关性。
