Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
J Anim Sci. 2010 Jun;88(6):2092-102. doi: 10.2527/jas.2009-1895. Epub 2010 Feb 12.
The objectives of the current study were to 1) determine whether a fish-meal-supplemented diet fed to ewes during late gestation and early lactation would increase the proportion of docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) in colostrum and milk and 2) examine the subsequent effect on the plasma fatty acid profile of nursing lambs. Eight gestating ewes (Rideau-Arcott; 97 +/- 5 kg of initial BW; 100 d of gestation) were used in a completely randomized design. Ewes were individually housed and fed a control diet (supplemented with soybean meal) or a fish-meal-supplemented diet for 6 wk before lambing and throughout 7 wk of lactation. Colostrum at d 0 and milk samples at d 36 and 49 of lactation were collected. Blood samples were collected from lambs throughout the preweaning period (at 0, 36, and 49 d of age). Fatty acids of the samples were analyzed by GLC. The ewes fed the fish-meal-supplemented diet had greater (P <or= 0.013) percentages (g/100 g of total fatty acids) of eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3, 0.16 vs. 0.08), docosahexaenoic acid (0.33 vs. 0.09), total n-3-PUFA (2.72 vs. 1.91), total CLA (0.83 vs. 0.64), and total very long chain n-3-PUFA (>C18, 0.70 vs. 0.38), in colostrum and milk compared with the ewes fed the control diet. However, these fatty acids, excluding total n-3-PUFA, did not change over time, nor was there an interaction between diet and time. The percentage of total SFA was increased (P = 0.012) linearly over time without having any diet effect. The ratio of n-6-PUFA to n-3-PUFA in colostrum and milk from the control group was greater (P = 0.003) than that of the fish-meal-supplemented group. This ratio was decreased over time (P = 0.001). At birth (d 0), lambs born to the fish-meal-supplemented ewes had greater (P = 0.001) plasma concentrations (g/100 g of total fatty acids) of eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and total very long chain n-3-PUFA than the lambs born to the control ewes. The concentrations of these fatty acids were further increased over time (P = 0.001) for the lambs nursing ewes fed the fish-meal-supplemented diet. The present findings suggest that the concentrations of docosahexaenoic acid in ewe colostrum and milk can be enhanced through diet supplementation with fish meal. The docosahexaenoic acid status of their suckling lambs can also be further enhanced, and this may contribute to improve neural tissue development and overall performance of suckling lambs.
1）确定在妊娠后期和泌乳早期给母羊喂食添加鱼粉的日粮是否会增加初乳和奶中二十二碳六烯酸（22：6n-3）的比例；2）研究其对哺乳期羔羊血浆脂肪酸谱的后续影响。8 只妊娠母羊（Rideau-Arcott；初始体重 97 +/- 5 kg；妊娠 100 d）采用完全随机设计。母羊单独饲养，在分娩前 6 周和泌乳期的 7 周内分别喂食对照日粮（添加豆粕）或添加鱼粉的日粮。收集初乳 d0 及泌乳 d36 和 d49 的奶样。在断奶前的整个阶段（0、36 和 49 日龄）从羔羊身上采集血液样本。通过 GLC 分析样品中的脂肪酸。喂食添加鱼粉日粮的母羊具有更高的（P <or= 0.013）二十碳五烯酸（20：5n-3，0.16 对 0.08）、二十二碳六烯酸（0.33 对 0.09）、总 n-3-PUFA（2.72 对 1.91）、总 CLA（0.83 对 0.64）和总超长链 n-3-PUFA（> C18，0.70 对 0.38）的比例（占总脂肪酸的百分比），在初乳和奶中与喂食对照日粮的母羊相比。然而，这些脂肪酸（不包括总 n-3-PUFA）在时间上没有变化，日粮与时间之间也没有相互作用。总 SFA 的比例随着时间的推移呈线性增加（P = 0.012），而不受日粮的影响。对照组初乳和奶中 n-6-PUFA 与 n-3-PUFA 的比例大于（P = 0.003）添加鱼粉组。这一比例随时间的推移而降低（P = 0.001）。在出生时（d0），喂食添加鱼粉日粮的母羊所生羔羊的血浆中（占总脂肪酸的百分比）二十碳五烯酸、二十二碳六烯酸和总超长链 n-3-PUFA 的浓度高于对照组母羊所生羔羊。这些脂肪酸的浓度随着时间的推移进一步增加（P = 0.001），对于哺乳添加鱼粉日粮的母羊的羔羊。本研究结果表明，通过日粮添加鱼粉可以提高母羊初乳和奶中二十二碳六烯酸的浓度。其哺乳羔羊的二十二碳六烯酸状况也可以进一步得到改善，这可能有助于改善神经组织发育和哺乳羔羊的整体性能。
