Mateo R D, Carroll J A, Hyun Y, Smith S, Kim S W
Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409, USA.
J Anim Sci. 2009 Mar;87(3):948-59. doi: 10.2527/jas.2008-0964. Epub 2008 Dec 19.
A study was conducted to determine the effect of dietary supplementation of n-3 fatty acids (O3FA) with or without elevated concentrations of protein on the performance of sows during the first and the subsequent parity. Sixty-four pregnant gilts with BW of 195.0 +/- 2.1 kg and backfat (BF) thickness of 12.9 +/- 0.2 mm were assigned to 4 dietary treatments from d 60 of gestation (late gestation) to d 21 of lactation. Dietary treatments were 1) a control diet; 2) a high-protein diet (HP); 3) the control diet + 0.2% O3FA (O3); and 4) the HP diet + 0.2% O3FA (HPO3). For the control and O3 treatments, CP contents were 12.3% for late gestation and 17.9% for lactation, and for the HP and HPO3 treatments, CP contents were 18.4% for late gestation and 19.5% for lactation. On d 60 and 110 of gestation and after farrowing (within 12 h postfarrowing), on d 10 and 21 of lactation, BW, BF thickness, and blood samples were obtained. The total number of piglets and the number of piglets born alive and their birth weights were measured within 12 h postfarrowing. Colostrum and milk samples were obtained on d 2 and 21 of lactation, respectively. All piglets were weaned at 21 d. The wean-to-estrus interval and ADFI were recorded. The same measurements were obtained from the control and O3 groups during the subsequent parity. Dietary treatment did not affect BW, BF thickness, ADFI, and the wean-to-estrus interval of sows during their first reproductive cycle. Supplementation of O3FA increased both eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid contents (P < 0.05) in colostrum and mature milk. First-parity litter size and piglet birth weight did not differ among treatment groups. Piglet BW was greater (P < 0.05) for the O3 group compared with both the control and HPO3 groups at d 10 and 21 of lactation. The same pattern was also noted for overall piglet BW gain. Both piglet and litter characteristics of the HP group did not differ from those of other groups throughout lactation. During the subsequent parity, both total and live piglet birth weights tended (P < 0.07) to be greater for the O3 group than for the control group. Compared with the control group, piglet BW and BW gain in the O3 group showed a pattern similar to the previous parity. Results indicated that O3FA alone during lactation improved the growth of nursing piglets, regardless of parity. However, the O3FA diet, with or without elevated protein, did not affect first-parity gestation performance, although O3FA alone may have improved piglet birth weight in the subsequent litter.
进行了一项研究，以确定在头胎及后续胎次中，日粮补充n-3脂肪酸（O3FA）且蛋白质浓度升高或不升高对母猪生产性能的影响。将64头体重为195.0±2.1 kg、背膘（BF）厚度为12.9±0.2 mm的妊娠后备母猪从妊娠第60天（妊娠后期）至泌乳第21天分配到4种日粮处理组。日粮处理分别为：1）对照日粮；2）高蛋白日粮（HP）；3）对照日粮+0.2% O3FA（O3）；4）HP日粮+0.2% O3FA（HPO3）。对于对照和O3处理组，妊娠后期粗蛋白（CP）含量为12.3%，泌乳期为17.9%；对于HP和HPO3处理组，妊娠后期CP含量为18.4%，泌乳期为19.5%。在妊娠第60天和110天以及分娩后（分娩后12小时内）、泌乳第10天和21天，采集体重、BF厚度和血样。在分娩后12小时内测量仔猪总数、存活仔猪数及其出生体重。分别在泌乳第2天和21天采集初乳和乳汁样本。所有仔猪在21日龄断奶。记录断奶至发情间隔和平均日采食量（ADFI）。在后续胎次中，从对照和O3组获得相同的测量数据。日粮处理对母猪第一个繁殖周期的体重、BF厚度、ADFI和断奶至发情间隔没有影响。补充O3FA可提高初乳和成熟乳中二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸的含量（P<0.05）。各处理组头胎产仔数和仔猪出生体重无差异。与对照和HPO3组相比，O3组在泌乳第10天和21天的仔猪体重更大（P<0.05）。仔猪总体重增加也呈现相同模式。在整个泌乳期，HP组的仔猪和窝仔特征与其他组无差异。在后续胎次中，O3组的总产仔重和活仔重均有高于对照组的趋势（P<0.07）。与对照组相比，O3组的仔猪体重和体重增加模式与前一胎次相似。结果表明，泌乳期单独添加O3FA可改善哺乳仔猪的生长，与胎次无关。然而，无论蛋白质浓度是否升高，O3FA日粮均不影响头胎妊娠性能，尽管单独添加O3FA可能会提高后续胎次仔猪的出生体重。
