Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2011 Jan;12(1):80-9. doi: 10.1097/PCC.0b013e3181ce7644.
To summarize a) epidemiology of arterial and venous thromboembolism, pulmonary embolism, and deep venous thrombosis in children; b) the risk factors for thrombosis in the pediatric intensive care unit; c) diagnostic techniques for arterial/venous thromboembolism; and d) the current recommendations for management and prevention of thromboembolic disease in critically ill children.
Literature review, using National Library of Medicine PubMed and the following terms: arterial, venous thromboembolism; deep venous thrombosis; pulmonary embolism; thrombosis; as well as citations of interest from these articles.
Both pediatric and adult literature addressing thrombotic disease were reviewed.
Articles were chosen for more extensive discussion when containing prospective studies, guidelines for practice, or data in critically ill patients. When data in children were unavailable, applicable data in adults were referenced. Due to the paucity of data in critically ill children, available adult and pediatric data were combined with institutional experience to provide suggestions for current practice and future inquiry.
Increasing awareness regarding the recognition and current approaches to management and prevention of thromboembolic disease in children is needed among pediatric intensivists, so outcome of these life-threatening processes might be improved.
总结 a）儿童动脉和静脉血栓栓塞、肺栓塞和深静脉血栓形成的流行病学；b）儿科重症监护病房血栓形成的危险因素；c）动脉/静脉血栓栓塞的诊断技术；以及 d）目前对危重症儿童血栓栓塞性疾病的管理和预防建议。
使用美国国立医学图书馆 PubMed 进行文献回顾，并使用以下术语：动脉、静脉血栓栓塞；深静脉血栓形成；肺栓塞；血栓形成；以及这些文章中感兴趣的引文。
对涉及血栓性疾病的儿科和成人文献进行了综述。
当包含前瞻性研究、实践指南或危重症患者的数据时，选择这些文章进行更广泛的讨论。由于儿童数据稀缺，参考了适用的成人数据。由于危重症儿童的数据有限，因此将现有的成人和儿科数据与机构经验相结合，为当前的实践和未来的研究提供建议。
儿科重症监护医生需要提高对儿童血栓栓塞性疾病的认识以及当前的管理和预防方法，以便改善这些危及生命的过程的结果。
