van Ommen C Heleen, Peters Marjolein
Department of Pediatric, Hematology Emma Children's Hospital, AMC Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Semin Thromb Hemost. 2003 Aug;29(4):391-404. doi: 10.1055/s-2003-42589.
Venous thrombosis is an uncommon disorder in childhood with an incidence of about 1 in 100000 children (ages 0 to 18 years). Multiple clinical underlying conditions as well as congenital prothrombotic disorders contribute to the development of pediatric venous thromboembolic disease. The majority of thrombi are catheter-related and therefore situated in the upper venous system. Diagnosis of thrombosis in either the upper or lower venous system is most frequently made by noninvasive radiographic techniques, especially ultrasonography. Children are treated according to recommendations based on small pediatric studies and guidelines adapted from adult patient protocols. The long-term complications, including mortality, recurrence, and the post-thrombotic syndrome, seem to be considerable. Because the incidence of pediatric venous thrombosis will probably rise due to the increased use of central venous catheters and the increased survival of children with chronic diseases associated with a prothrombotic state, prevention of this disease will become an important issue.
静脉血栓形成在儿童期是一种罕见疾病，发病率约为每10万名儿童（0至18岁）中有1例。多种临床基础疾病以及先天性血栓形成倾向疾病都促使小儿静脉血栓栓塞性疾病的发生。大多数血栓与导管相关，因此位于上静脉系统。上、下静脉系统血栓形成的诊断最常通过非侵入性影像学技术，尤其是超声检查来进行。儿童的治疗是根据基于小型儿科研究的建议以及借鉴成人患者方案的指南来进行的。长期并发症，包括死亡率、复发率和血栓形成后综合征，似乎相当可观。由于中心静脉导管使用的增加以及患有与血栓形成倾向状态相关的慢性疾病的儿童存活率提高，小儿静脉血栓形成的发病率可能会上升，因此预防这种疾病将成为一个重要问题。
