School of Nursing, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406-0001, USA.
J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2010 Mar;19(3):453-61. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2009.1484.
The aims of this descriptive study were to (1) describe assault and care characteristics and (2) determine differences in assault and care characteristics between black women and white women who sought emergency care following sexual violence.
A retrospective, cross-sectional design was used to examine forensic examination data characterizing the incident history reported by women victims of sexual violence at the time of a forensic nurse examination. Examinations occurred at an urban university-affiliated hospital emergency department (ED) over a 2-year period.
Of the women (n = 173) seeking care in the ED, 58.4% were black and 41.6% were white. When compared with white women, black women were more likely to have weapons used in their assaults (42.6% vs. 16.7%, p < 0.00) and to be assaulted in the city rather than the suburbs (82.8% vs. 56.5%, p < 0.00). In general, substance use prior to the assault was reported to have occurred in 49.1% of the victims and 41% of the assailants; however, differences existed in the type and pattern of substance use by race/ethnicity. Black victims were more likely to report use of illicit drugs (28.7% vs. 12.5%, p = 0.01). White women were more likely than black women to report personal alcohol use prior to their assault, with significant differences for drinking by victims (47.2% vs. 23.8%, p = 0.01) or assailant use of alcohol (47.2% vs. 23.8%, p = 0.00). White women were more likely than black women to report both they and the assailant had used some type of substance (38.9 vs. 21.8, p = 0.01). Black women were more likely to arrive to the ED via EMS services (45.5% vs. 29.2%, p = 0.03). There were no reported differences in care characteristics by race.
Findings from this study suggest that differences exist in assault characteristics between black and white women. Use of substances, including alcohol, plays an important role in sexual violence in women and should be a focus of preventive intervention initiatives when conducting a forensic examination. Both coordinated responses and comprehensive, individualized care by specially trained providers are important in the emergency care of minority women who are victims of recent sexual violence.
本描述性研究的目的是：(1)描述攻击和护理特征，以及(2)确定寻求紧急护理的黑人女性和白人女性之间的攻击和护理特征差异。
本研究采用回顾性、横断面设计，检查了在城市大学附属医院急诊室进行法医检查时，性暴力受害妇女报告的事件史。在两年期间进行了检查。
在寻求急诊护理的女性中（n=173），58.4%为黑人，41.6%为白人。与白人女性相比，黑人女性更有可能在袭击中使用武器（42.6%比 16.7%，p<0.00），更有可能在城市而不是郊区被袭击（82.8%比 56.5%，p<0.00）。一般来说，据报告，49.1%的受害者和 41%的袭击者在袭击前使用了物质；然而，种族/民族之间存在物质使用的类型和模式的差异。黑人受害者更有可能报告使用非法药物（28.7%比 12.5%，p=0.01）。与黑人女性相比，白人女性更有可能报告在袭击前个人饮酒，受害者饮酒（47.2%比 23.8%，p=0.01）或袭击者使用酒精（47.2%比 23.8%，p=0.00）的差异有统计学意义。与黑人女性相比，白人女性更有可能报告双方都使用了某种物质（38.9%比 21.8%，p=0.01）。黑人女性更有可能通过紧急医疗服务（EMS）服务到达急诊室（45.5%比 29.2%，p=0.03）。种族之间的护理特征没有差异。
本研究结果表明，黑人女性和白人女性之间的攻击特征存在差异。包括酒精在内的物质使用在女性性暴力中起着重要作用，在进行法医检查时应成为预防干预措施的重点。在对最近遭受性暴力的少数民族妇女进行紧急护理时，协调应对和由专门培训的人员提供全面、个性化的护理都很重要。
