Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan.
Plant Physiol Biochem. 2010 Jul;48(7):506-12. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2010.01.017. Epub 2010 Jan 28.
Polyamine content in cells is regulated by biosynthesis, degradation and transport. In Escherichia coli, there are two polyamine uptake systems, namely spermidine-preferential (PotABCD) and putrescine-specific (PotFGHI), which belong to the family of ATP binding cassette transporters. Putrescine-ornithine and cadaverine-lysine antiporters, PotE and CadB, each consisting of 12 transmembrane segments, are important for cell growth at acidic pH. Spermidine excretion protein (MdtJI) was also recently identified. When putrescine was used as energy source, PuuP functioned as a putrescine transporter. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, there are four kinds of polyamine uptake proteins (DUR3, SAM3, GAP1 and AGP2), consisting of either 12 or 16 transmembrane segments. Among them, DUR3 and SAM3 mostly contribute to polyamine uptake. There are also five kinds of polyamine excretion proteins (TPO1-5), consisting of 12 transmembrane segments. Among them, TPO1 and TPO5 are the most active proteins. Since a polyamine metabolizing enzyme, spermidine/spermine N(1)-acetyltransferase, is not present in yeast, five kinds of excretion proteins may exist. The current status of polyamine transport in mammalian and plant cells are reviewed.
细胞中的多胺含量受生物合成、降解和运输调节。在大肠杆菌中，有两种多胺摄取系统，即精脒优先（PotABCD）和腐胺特异性（PotFGHI），它们属于 ATP 结合盒转运蛋白家族。腐胺-鸟氨酸和尸胺-赖氨酸反向转运蛋白 PotE 和 CadB，各由 12 个跨膜片段组成，对于在酸性 pH 值下的细胞生长很重要。精脒排泄蛋白（MdtJI）也最近被鉴定出来。当腐胺被用作能源时，PuuP 作为腐胺转运蛋白发挥作用。在酿酒酵母中，有四种多胺摄取蛋白（DUR3、SAM3、GAP1 和 AGP2），由 12 或 16 个跨膜片段组成。其中，DUR3 和 SAM3 主要参与多胺摄取。还有五种多胺排泄蛋白（TPO1-5），由 12 个跨膜片段组成。其中，TPO1 和 TPO5 是最活跃的蛋白质。由于酵母中不存在多胺代谢酶精脒/精胺 N（1）-乙酰转移酶，可能存在五种排泄蛋白。本文综述了哺乳动物和植物细胞中多胺转运的现状。
