Matsuo Koichiro, Palmer Jeffrey B
Department of Special Care Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Hirooka Gobara, Shiojiri, Nagano, Japan 399-0781.
Jpn Dent Sci Rev. 2009 May 1;45(1):31-40. doi: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2009.03.004.
The pathways for air and food cross in the pharynx. In breathing, air may flow through either the nose or the mouth, it always flows through the pharynx. During swallowing, the pharynx changes from an airway to a food channel. The pharynx is isolated from the nasal cavity and lower airway by velopharyngeal and laryngeal closure during the pharyngeal swallow. During mastication, the food bolus accumulates in the pharynx prior to swallow initiation. The structures in the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx serve multiple functions in breathing, speaking, mastication and swallowing. Thus, the fine temporal coordination of feeding among breathing, mastication and swallowing is essential to provide proper food nutrition and to prevent pulmonary aspiration. This review paper will review the temporo-spatial coordination of the movements of oral, pharyngeal, and laryngeal structures during mastication and swallowing, and temporal coordination between breathing, mastication, and swallowing.
空气和食物的通道在咽部交叉。在呼吸时，空气可以通过鼻子或嘴巴进入，且总是会流经咽部。在吞咽过程中，咽部从气道转变为食物通道。在咽期吞咽时，软腭咽闭合和喉闭合会将咽部与鼻腔和下呼吸道隔离开来。在咀嚼过程中，食团在吞咽开始前会积聚在咽部。口腔、咽部和喉部的结构在呼吸、说话、咀嚼和吞咽中发挥多种功能。因此，呼吸、咀嚼和吞咽之间精确的时间协调对于提供适当的食物营养和防止肺误吸至关重要。本文将综述咀嚼和吞咽过程中口腔、咽部和喉部结构运动的时空协调，以及呼吸、咀嚼和吞咽之间的时间协调。
