Departamento El Hombre y su Ambiente, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso No. 1100, Col. Villa Quietud, Delegación Coyoacán, 04960 México, D. F., México.
Parasitol Res. 2009 Nov;105(6):1637-42. doi: 10.1007/s00436-009-1604-9.
Morphological abnormalities were observed on the cephalic bulb hooklets of advanced third-stage larvae (AdvL(3)) of genus Gnathostoma. The larvae were obtained from the fish "Mexican rivulus" Millerichthys robustus collected from a seasonal pond near Tlacotalpan, Veracruz, Mexico. The abnormalities involved (1) extra rudimentary hooklets, located between the four rows and after the fourth row, (2) branched or lobulated hooklets, and (3) fragmented hooklets not uniformly disposed in rows. The alterations observed on the cephalic bulb hooklets do not represent intraspecific variations, and they may be considered as a potential tool for assessing the presence of pollutants or stressors located within the ecosystem.
在墨西哥塔夸伦博附近季节性池塘采集的罗非鱼 Millerichthys robustus 中获得的头泡棘钩幼虫（AdvL(3)），观察到头泡棘钩的形态异常。这些异常包括：（1）额外的原始棘钩，位于四排之间和第四排之后；（2）分支或叶状棘钩；（3）不整齐排列的碎片化棘钩。在头泡棘钩上观察到的改变不代表种内变异，它们可能被视为评估生态系统内污染物或应激源存在的潜在工具。
