Mercer University College of Pharmacy and School of Medicine-Savannah Campus, Memorial University Medical Center, 4700 Waters Avenue, Savannah, GA 31403, USA.
Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2010 Mar;6(3):363-80. doi: 10.1517/17425251003641975.
Alcohol abuse and dependence are major causes of morbidity and mortality and come with a high societal cost. The illness is notoriously difficult to treat and relapse is a common occurrence. Acamprosate represents an effective addition to the treatment options available for alcohol dependence with a novel mechanism of action.
We review the published acamprosate literature focusing on major and recent comparative clinical trials and meta-analyses. We included all studies found in National Library of Medicine's PubMed database searching on Mesh term: acamprosate excluded animal studies excluding non-English publications, and focusing on efficacy/effectiveness studies. Additionally, we discuss background information on alcohol dependence and acamprosate's putative mechanism of action. Safety and tolerability data are also presented.
The reader will gain a better understanding of the role of acamprosate in the treatment of alcohol dependence and find a useful synopsis of the more recently published literature evaluating acamprosate's effectiveness based on what are not always identically defined primary study outcomes.
Acamprosate is safe and effective in the maintenance of abstinence from alcohol use/abuse and is most commonly used in combination with nonpharmacologic therapeutic modalities. The effect size ranged from 1.3 to 2 for most of the studies included in this review.
酗酒和酒精依赖是发病率和死亡率的主要原因，给社会带来了很高的成本。这种疾病的治疗难度很大，复发很常见。安非他酮是一种有效的治疗酒精依赖的方法，具有新颖的作用机制。
我们综述了已发表的安非他酮文献，重点是主要的和最近的对照临床试验和荟萃分析。我们纳入了美国国立医学图书馆 PubMed 数据库中所有以 Mesh 术语“安非他酮”搜索的研究，但排除了动物研究、非英语出版物，并专注于疗效/有效性研究。此外，我们还讨论了酒精依赖和安非他酮假定作用机制的背景信息。还介绍了安全性和耐受性数据。
读者将更好地了解安非他酮在治疗酒精依赖中的作用，并找到一份最近发表的关于评估安非他酮有效性的文献摘要，这些文献基于并非总是完全相同的主要研究结果进行评估。
安非他酮在维持酒精使用/滥用的戒断方面是安全有效的，最常用于与非药物治疗方式联合使用。在本综述中纳入的大多数研究中，效果大小范围为 1.3 到 2。
