Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Am J Addict. 2010 Mar-Apr;19(2):128-35. doi: 10.1111/j.1521-0391.2009.00019.x.
Despite the well-known health risks associated with smokeless tobacco use, much is unresolved with respect to effective treatment for use of this substance. The present study examined the impact of a nicotine-free smokeless tobacco substitute and confectionary chewing gum on craving, withdrawal, and anxiety among 24 smokeless tobacco users following 24 hours of nicotine abstinence and a laboratory stressor. Although chewing gum did not impact withdrawal, craving, or anxiety compared to a no-product control condition, smokeless tobacco substitute administration resulted in a reduction of withdrawal and craving levels compared to the control condition following 24 hours of abstinence. Furthermore, significantly lower levels of craving and withdrawal were observed in both smokeless tobacco and smokeless tobacco substitute conditions compared to the control condition following the stressor. Results indicate that although general oral stimulation (eg, chewing gum) was not effective in reducing symptoms related to nicotine withdrawal, smokeless tobacco substitute use appears to be helpful in reducing withdrawal levels post-stressor. These data suggest that use of a smokeless tobacco substitute may be an effective aid in helping individuals wishing to quit, especially when managing stressors. (Am J Addict 2010;00:1-8).
尽管众所周知，使用无烟烟草会带来健康风险，但对于这种物质的有效治疗方法，仍有许多问题尚未解决。本研究考察了在 24 小时尼古丁戒断和实验室应激后，一种不含尼古丁的无烟烟草替代品和糖果口香糖对 24 名无烟烟草使用者的渴望、戒断和焦虑的影响。尽管与无产品对照条件相比，口香糖并没有影响戒断、渴望或焦虑，但与对照条件相比，在 24 小时戒断后，使用无烟烟草替代品会导致戒断和渴望水平降低。此外，在应激后，无论是使用无烟烟草还是无烟烟草替代品，与对照条件相比，渴望和戒断的水平都显著降低。结果表明，尽管一般的口腔刺激（如咀嚼口香糖）在减轻与尼古丁戒断相关的症状方面效果不佳，但使用无烟烟草替代品似乎有助于降低戒断水平。这些数据表明，使用无烟烟草替代品可能是帮助希望戒烟的人的有效辅助手段，尤其是在应对压力源时。（美国成瘾杂志 2010；00:1-8）。
