Browne Janet
Department of the History of Science, Harvard University, Science Center 371, 1 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
Isis. 2009 Sep;100(3):542-70. doi: 10.1086/644630.
With increased attention on the visual in the history of science, there is renewed interest in the role of portraiture and other forms of personal imagery in constructing scientific reputation and the circulation of scientific ideas. This essay indicates some directions in which researchers could push forward by studying the dissemination of pictures and portraits of Charles Darwin. Selected portraits are discussed, with particular attention paid to their circulation. The mode of production and original intent of these portraits is briefly addressed, but the thrust of the argument is to highlight subsequent shifts in usage. While self-fashioning is an important part of the story, it is useful also to dwell on the rise and diversification of printed media in conjunction with escalating interest in Darwin as a celebrity figure. Historicizing the variety of opportunities that people have had of "looking"at Darwin adds considerably to our understanding of scientific fame.
随着科学史上对视觉元素的关注度不断提高，人们对肖像画及其他形式的个人形象在构建科学声誉和科学思想传播中所起的作用重新产生了兴趣。本文指出了研究人员通过研究查尔斯·达尔文的图片和肖像传播可以推进研究的一些方向。文中讨论了一些选定的肖像，特别关注了它们的传播情况。这些肖像的制作方式和原始意图被简要提及，但论点的重点是突出随后使用方式的转变。虽然自我塑造是故事的重要组成部分，但结合对达尔文作为名人的兴趣不断升级，详述印刷媒体的兴起和多样化也很有意义。将人们“观看”达尔文的各种机会置于历史背景中，能极大地增进我们对科学声誉的理解。
