Nanochemistry in confined environments: polyelectrolyte brush-assisted synthesis of gold nanoparticles inside ordered mesoporous thin films.

A robust and straightforward strategy allowing the controlled confinement of metal nanoparticles within the 3D framework of mesoporous films is presented. The chemical methodology is based on the inner surface modification of mesoporous silica films with polyelectrolyte brushes. We demonstrate that the macromolecular building blocks significantly enhance the site-selective preconcentration of nanoparticle precursors in the inner environment of the mesoporous film. Then, chemical reduction of the preconcentrated precursors led to the formation of metal nanoparticles locally addressed in the mesoporous structure. We show that the synergy taking place between two versatile functional nanobuilding blocks (ordered mesocavities and polymer brushes) can produce stable embedded nanoparticles with tuned optical properties in a very simple manner. As a general framework, the strategy can be easily adapted to different sets of polymer brushes and mesoporous films in order to regulate the monomer-precursor interactions and, consequently, manipulate the site-selective character of the different chemistries taking place in the film. We consider that the "integrative chemistry" approach described in this work provides new pathways to manipulate the physicochemical characteristics of hybrid organic-inorganic advanced functional assemblies based on the rational design of chemistry and topology in confined environments.