Scala-Benuzzi María L, Fernández Sol N, Giménez Gustavo, Ybarra Gabriel, Soler-Illia Galo J A A
INTI-Micro y Nanotecnologías, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial, Av. Gral. Paz 5445, 1560 San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Instituto de Nanosistemas, Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías, UNSAM-CONICET, Av. 25 de Mayo 1169, 1650 San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
ACS Omega. 2023 Jun 29;8(27):24128-24152. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02013. eCollection 2023 Jul 11.
Electrochemical sensors have become increasingly relevant in fields such as medicine, environmental monitoring, and industrial process control. Selectivity, specificity, sensitivity, signal reproducibility, and robustness are among the most important challenges for their development, especially when the target compound is present in low concentrations or in complex analytical matrices. In this context, electrode modification with Mesoporous Thin Films (MTFs) has aroused great interest in the past years. MTFs present high surface area, uniform pore distribution, and tunable pore size. Furthermore, they offer a wide variety of electrochemical signal modulation possibilities through molecular sieving, electrostatic or steric exclusion, and preconcentration effects which are due to mesopore confinement and surface functionalization. In order to fully exploit these advantages, it is central to develop reproducible routes for sensitive, selective, and robust MTF-modified electrodes. In addition, it is necessary to understand the complex mass and charge transport processes that take place through the film (particularly in the mesopores, pore surfaces, and interfaces) and on the electrode in order to design future intelligent and adaptive sensors. We present here an overview of MTFs applied to electrochemical sensing, in which we address their fabrication methods and the transport processes that are critical to the electrode response. We also summarize the current applications in biosensing and electroanalysis, as well as the challenges and opportunities brought by integrating MTF synthesis with electrode microfabrication, which is critical when moving from laboratory work to sensing in the field of interest.
电化学传感器在医学、环境监测和工业过程控制等领域变得越来越重要。选择性、特异性、灵敏度、信号重现性和稳健性是其发展面临的最重要挑战之一，尤其是当目标化合物以低浓度存在于复杂分析基质中时。在这种背景下，过去几年中，用介孔薄膜（MTFs）修饰电极引起了极大的兴趣。MTFs具有高比表面积、均匀的孔径分布和可调节的孔径。此外，它们通过分子筛分、静电或空间排斥以及由于介孔限制和表面功能化引起的预富集效应，提供了多种电化学信号调制可能性。为了充分利用这些优势，开发用于制备灵敏、选择性和稳健的MTF修饰电极的可重现方法至关重要。此外，有必要了解通过薄膜（特别是在介孔、孔表面和界面处）以及电极上发生的复杂质量和电荷传输过程，以便设计未来的智能和自适应传感器。我们在此概述了应用于电化学传感的MTFs，其中我们讨论了它们的制备方法以及对电极响应至关重要的传输过程。我们还总结了当前在生物传感和电分析中的应用，以及将MTF合成与电极微制造相结合所带来的挑战和机遇，这在从实验室工作转向感兴趣领域的传感时至关重要。
