Lykens Kristine, Singh Karan P, Ndukwe Elewichi, Bae Sejong
School of Public Health at University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA.
J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2009;20(4 Suppl):137-48. doi: 10.1353/hpu.0.0217.
Child mortality is a persistent health problem faced by developing nations. In 2000 the United Nations (UN) established a set of high priority goals to address global problems of poverty and health, the Millennium Development Goals, which address extreme poverty, hunger, primary education, child mortality, maternal health, infectious diseases, environmental sustainability, and partnerships for development. Goal 4 aims to reduce by two thirds, between 2000 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate in developing countries. In sub-Saharan Africa from 2000 to 2006 these rates have only been reduced from 167 per 1,000 live births to 157, and 27 nations in this region have made no progress towards the goal. A country-specific database was developed from the UN Millennium Development Goal tracking project and other international sources which include age distribution, under-nutrition, per capita income, government expenditures on health, external resources for health, civil liberties, and political rights. A multiple regression analysis examined the extent to which these factors explain the variance in child mortality rates in developing countries. Nutrition, external resources, and per capita income were shown to be significant factors in child survivability. Policy options include developed countries' renewed commitment of resources, and developing nations' commitments towards governance, development, equity, and transparency.
儿童死亡率是发展中国家面临的一个长期存在的健康问题。2000年，联合国（UN）制定了一系列高度优先目标，以解决全球贫困和健康问题，即千年发展目标，这些目标涉及极端贫困、饥饿、初等教育、儿童死亡率、孕产妇健康、传染病、环境可持续性以及发展伙伴关系。目标4旨在在2000年至2015年期间，将发展中国家五岁以下儿童死亡率降低三分之二。在撒哈拉以南非洲地区，从2000年到2006年，这些比率仅从每1000例活产167例降至157例，该地区有27个国家在实现该目标方面没有取得进展。一个特定国家的数据库是根据联合国千年发展目标跟踪项目和其他国际来源开发的，这些来源包括年龄分布、营养不良、人均收入、政府卫生支出、卫生外部资源、公民自由和政治权利。多元回归分析研究了这些因素在多大程度上解释了发展中国家儿童死亡率的差异。营养、外部资源和人均收入被证明是儿童生存能力的重要因素。政策选择包括发达国家重新承诺提供资源，以及发展中国家在治理、发展、公平和透明度方面的承诺。
